Albert Fert

Albert Fert is a French physicist who discovered that thin layers of alternating metals react to changes in magnetism.  His discovery is called giant magneto resistance (GMR) and is the principle that allows tiny particles to be used in data storage, generating the electrical signals that computers read. GMR has enabled great advances in computer memory.

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Albert Fert
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  • American Physical Society International Prize for New Materials (1994)
  • Grand Prix de physique Jean Ricard of the French Physical Society (1994)
  • International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Magnetism Award (1994)
  • Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize (1997)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Gold Medal (2003)
  • Wolf Prize in Physics (2006)
  • Japan Prize (2007)
  • Nobel Prize in Physics (2007)

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of Fe/Cr multilayers on (001)GaAs
P. Etienne, G. Creuzet, A. Friederich, F. Nguyen-Van-Dau, A. Fert, and J. Massies
Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 162 (1988)

Critical steps in the molecular beam epitaxy of high quality Ag/Fe superlattices on (001) GaAs
P. Etienne, J. Massies, F. Nguyen-Van-Dau, A. Barthelemy, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 2239 (1989)

A comparative study of the molecular-beam epitaxial growth of Ag/Fe, Ag/Cr, and Fe/Cr superlattices on GaAs (001)
P. Etienne, S. Lequien, F. Nguyen-Van-Dau, R. Cabanel, G. Creuzet, A. Friederich, J. Massies, A. Fert, A. Barthelemy, and F. Petroff
J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5400 (1990)

Magnetic properties of (001)bcc Fe/(001)fcc Ag superlattices
R. Cabanel, P. Etienne, S. Lequien, G. Creuzet, A. Barthelemy, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5409 (1990)

The magnetic state and its macroscopic anisotropy in amorphous rare-earth alloys (invited)
M. J. O’Shea, K. M. Lee, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5769 (1990)

Magnetic and transport properties of Fe/Cr superlattices (invited)
A. Barthelemy, A. Fert, M. N. Baibich, S. Hadjoudj, F. Petroff, P. Etienne, R. Cabanel, S. Lequien, F. Nguyen Van Dau, and G. Creuzet
J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5908 (1990)

Theory of magnetic superlattices: Interlayer exchange coupling and magnetoresistance of transition metal structures (invited)
P. M. Levy, K. Ounadjela, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, C. B. Sommers, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5914 (1990)

Magnetic properties and structure of DyNi/Mo multilayers
P. Perera, M. J. O’Shea, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 69, 5292 (1991)

Interplay between oscillatory exchange coupling and coercivities in giant magnetoresistive [Ni[sub 80]Fe[sub 20]/Cu/Co/Cu] multilayers
T. Valet, J. C. Jacquet, P. Galtier, J. M. Coutellier, L. G. Pereira, R. Morel, D. Lottis, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 3187 (1992)

Magnetoresistance in rf-sputtered (NiFe/Cu/Co/Cu) spin-valve multilayers
D. Lottis, A. Fert, R. Morel, L. G. Pereira, J. C. Jacquet, P. Galtier, J. M. Coutellier, and T. Valet
J. Appl. Phys. 73, 5515 (1993)

Magnetic and magnetotransport properties of (100)Fe/Pd superlattices (abstract)
J. R. Childress, A. Schuhl, O. Durand, P. Galtier, V. Cros, K. Ounadjela, J.-M. George, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 73, 5988 (1993)

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co[sub x]Pd[sub 1 - x] alloy films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
J. R. Childress, J. L. Duvail, S. Jasmin, A. Barthelemy, A. Fert, A. Schuhl, O. Durand, and P. Galtier
J. Appl. Phys. 75, 6412 (1994)

Magnetic properties of cobalt clusters deposited on MgO substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (abstract)
R. Morel, A. Barthelemy, F. Charriere, J. R. Childress, A. Fert, B. Bellamy, and A. Masson
J. Appl. Phys. 75, 6623 (1994)

Perpendicular magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers: Theoretical model and discussion (invited)
Albert Fert, Thierry Valet, and Jozef Barnas
J. Appl. Phys. 75, 6693 (1994)

Calculation of the temperature dependence of the giant MR and application to Co/Cu multilayers
J. L. Duvail, A. Fert, L. G. Pereira, and D. K. Lottis
J. Appl. Phys. 75, 7070 (1994)

Giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayered nanowires
L. Piraux, J. M. George, J. F. Despres, C. Leroy, E. Ferain, R. Legras, K. Ounadjela, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2484 (1994)

Perpendicular giant magnetoresistance of NiFe/Cu multilayered nanowires
S. Dubois, C. Marchal, J. M. Beuken, L. Piraux, J. L. Duvail, A. Fert, J. M. George, and J. L. Maurice
Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 396 (1997)

Perpendicular giant magnetoresistance in Co/Cu and permalloy/Cu multilayered nanowires (abstract)
S. Dubois, J. L. Duvail, A. Fert, J. M. George, J. L. Maurice, and L. Piraux
J. Appl. Phys. 81, 4569 (1997)

Inverse CPP-GMR in (A/Cu/Co/Cu) multilayers (A=NiCr, FeCr, FeV) and discussion of the spin asymmetry induced by impurities
C. Vouille, A. Fert, A. Barthelemy, S. Y. Hsu, R. Loloee, and P. A. Schroeder
J. Appl. Phys. 81, 4573 (1997)

Strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of nanostripes obtained by cutting thin epitaxial Fe layer using the atomic saw method
L. Ressier, A. Schuhl, F. Nguyen Van Dau, K. Postava, M. Goiran, J. P. Peyrade, and A. R. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5464 (1997)

Spin-dependent tunneling between ferromagnetic metals in a new type of tunnel junction (abstract)
F. Schelp, S. F. Lee, F. Fettar, F. Nguyen van Dau, F. Petroff, A. Vaures, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5508 (1997)

Magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic tunnel junctions with Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] barriers formed by rf sputter etching in Ar/O[sub 2] plasma
J. Nassar, M. Hehn, A. Vaures, F. Petroff, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 698 (1998)

Enhanced tunnel magnetoresistance at high bias voltage in double-barrier planar junctions
F. Montaigne, J. Nassar, A. Vaures, F. Nguyen Van Dau, F. Petroff, A. Schuhl, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2829 (1998)

Electrodeposition of patterned magnetic nanostructures
J. L. Duvail, S. Dubois, L. Piraux, A. Vaures, A. Fert, D. Adam, M. Champagne, F. Rousseaux, and D. Decanini
J. Appl. Phys. 84, 6359 (1998)

Large magnetoresistance in tunnel junctions with an iron oxide electrode
P. Seneor, A. Fert, J.-L. Maurice, F. Montaigne, F. Petroff, and A. Vaures
Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 4017 (1999)

Test of unified picture of spin-dependent transport in perpendicular (CPP) giant magnetoresistance and bulk alloys
W. Park, R. Loloee, J. A. Caballero, W. P. Pratt, Jr., P. A. Schroeder, J. Bass, A. Fert, and C. Vouille
J. Appl. Phys. 85, 4542 (1999)

Magnetoresistive tunnel junctions deposited on laterally modulated substrates
F. Montaigne, P. Gogol, J. Briatico, J. L. Maurice, F. Nguyen Van Dau, F. Petroff, A. Fert, and A. Schuhl
Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3286 (2000)

Structural, magnetic, transport, and magneto-optical properties of single crystal La[sub 2/3]Sr[sub 1/3]MnO[sub 3] thin films
J. F. Bobo, D. Magnoux, R. Porres, B. Raquet, J. C. Ousset, A. R. Fert, Ch. Roucau, P. Baules, M. J. Casanove, and E. Snoeck
J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6773 (2000)

Spin-polarized current induced switching in Co/Cu/Co pillars
J. Grollier, V. Cros, A. Hamzic, J. M. George, H. Jaffres, A. Fert, G. Faini, J. Ben Youssef, and H. Legall
Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3663 (2001)

Magneto-optical Kerr effect in laser-patterned La[sub 2/3]Sr[sub 1/3]MnO[sub 3] epitaxial thin films
M. Bibes, D. Hrabovsky, B. Martinez, A. R. Fert, V. Trtik, M. Varela, and J. Fontcuberta
J. Appl. Phys. 89, 6958 (2001)

Large magnetoresistance in Fe/MgO/FeCo(001) epitaxial tunnel junctions on GaAs(001)
M. Bowen, V. Cros, F. Petroff, A. Fert, C. Martinez Boubeta, J. L. Costa-Kramer, J. V. Anguita, A. Cebollada, F. Briones, J. M. de Teresa, L. Morellon, M. R. Ibarra, F. Guell, F. Peiro, and A. Cornet
Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1655 (2001)

Conducting tip atomic force microscopy analysis of aluminum oxide barrier defects decorated by electrodeposition
J. Carrey, K. Bouzehouane, J.-M. George, C. Ceneray, A. Fert, A. Vaures, S. Kenane, and L. Piraux
Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3158 (2001)

Anisotropy of quadratic magneto-optic effects in reflection
K. Postava, D. Hrabovsky, J. Pistora, A. R. Fert, S. Visnovsky, and T. Yamaguchi
J. Appl. Phys. 91, 7293 (2002)

Sputter growth and magnetic properties of exchange-biased La[sub 1/4]Ca[sub 3/4]MnO[sub 3]–La[sub 2/3]Sr[sub 1/3]MnO[sub 3] epitaxial bilayers
D. Magnoux, D. Hrabovsky, P. Baules, M. J. Casanove, E. Snoeck, A. R. Fert, and J. F. Bobo
J. Appl. Phys. 91, 7730 (2002)

Spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a semiconductor
H. Jaffres and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 91, 8111 (2002)

Magnetization reversal in GaMnAs layers studied by Kerr effect
D. Hrabovsky, E. Vanelle, A. R. Fert, D. S. Yee, J. P. Redoules, J. Sadowski, J. Kanski, and L. Ilver
Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 2806 (2002)

Switching the magnetic configuration of a spin valve by current-induced domain wall motion
J. Grollier, D. Lacour, V. Cros, A. Hamzic, A. Vaures, A. Fert, D. Adam, and G. Faini
J. Appl. Phys. 92, 4825 (2002)

Permalloy thin films on MgO(001): Epitaxial growth and physical properties
F. Michelini, L. Ressier, J. Degauque, P. Baules, A. R. Fert, J. P. Peyrade, and J. F. Bobo
J. Appl. Phys. 92, 7337 (2002)

Nearly total spin polarization in La[sub 2/3]Sr[sub 1/3]MnO[sub 3] from tunneling experiments
M. Bowen, M. Bibes, A. Barthelemy, J.-P. Contour, A. Anane, Y. Lemaitre, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 233 (2003)

Transport in magnetic nanostructures in the presence of Coulomb interaction (invited)
J. Martinek, J. Barnas, A. Fert, S. Maekawa, and G. Schön
J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8265 (2003)

Switching a spin valve back and forth by current-induced domain wall motion
J. Grollier, P. Boulenc, V. Cros, A. Hamzic, A. Vaures, A. Fert, and G. Faini
Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 509 (2003)

Tunnel magnetoresistance in nanojunctions based on Sr[sub 2]FeMoO[sub 6]
M. Bibes, K. Bouzehouane, A. Barthelemy, M. Besse, S. Fusil, M. Bowen, P. Seneor, J. Carrey, V. Cros, A. Vaures, J.-P. Contour, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2629 (2003)

Domain wall displacement induced by subnanosecond pulsed current
C. K. Lim, T. Devolder, C. Chappert, J. Grollier, V. Cros, A. Vaures, A. Fert, and G. Faini
Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2820 (2004)

Capacitance variation of an assembly of clusters in the Coulomb blockade regime
J. Carrey, P. Seneor, N. Lidgi, H. Jaffres, F. Nguyen Van Dau, A. Fert, A. Friederich, F. Montaigne, and A. Vaures
J. Appl. Phys. 95, 1265 (2004)

Inverted current-driven switching in Fe(Cr)/Cr/Fe(Cr) nanopillars
M. AlHajDarwish, A. Fert, W. P. Pratt, Jr., and J. Bass
J. Appl. Phys. 95, 6771 (2004)

Spin-transfer-induced domain wall motion in a spin valve
J. Grollier, P. Boulenc, V. Cros, A. Hamzic, A. Vaures, A. Fert, and G. Faini
J. Appl. Phys. 95, 6777 (2004)

Kerr measurements on single-domain SrRuO[sub 3] thin films
G. Herranz, N. Dix, F. Sanchez, B. Martinez, J. Fontcuberta, M. V. Garcia-Cuenca, C. Ferrater, M. Varela, D. Hrabovsky, and A. R. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 97, 10M321 (2005)

Spin filtering through ferrimagnetic NiFe[sub 2]O[sub 4] tunnel barriers
U. Luders, M. Bibes, K. Bouzehouane, E. Jacquet, J.-P. Contour, S. Fusil, J.-F. Bobo, J. Fontcuberta, A. Barthelemy, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 082505 (2006)

La[sub 2/3]Sr[sub 1/3]MnO[sub 3]–La[sub 0.1]Bi[sub 0.9]MnO[sub 3] heterostructures for spin filtering
M. Gajek, M. Bibes, M. Varela, J. Fontcuberta, G. Herranz, S. Fusil, K. Bouzehouane, A. Barthelemy, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08E504 (2006)

Interface specific-resistance and scattering asymmetry of permalloy/Al
N. Theodoropoulou, A. Sharma, R. Loloee, W. P. Pratt, Jr., J. Bass, A. Fert, and H. Jaffres
J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08G502 (2006)

Hybrid perovskite-spinel magnetic tunnel junctions based on conductive ferrimagnetic NiFe[sub 2]O[sub 4]
U. Luders, G. Herranz, M. Bibes, K. Bouzehouane, E. Jacquet, J.-P. Contour, S. Fusil, J.-F. Bobo, J. Fontcuberta, A. Barthelemy, and A. Fert
J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08K301 (2006)

Magnetic properties of Fe films and Fe/Si/Fe trilayers grown on GaAs(001) and MgO(001) by ion-beam sputter epitaxy
Thorsten Damm, Matthias Buchmeier, Alexandra Schindler, Daniel E. Burgler, Peter Grünberg, and Claus M. Schneider
J. Appl. Phys. 99, 093905 (2006)

Evidence for spin injection in a single metallic nanoparticle: A step towards nanospintronics
A. Bernand-Mantel, P. Seneor, N. Lidgi, M. Munoz, V. Cros, S. Fusil, K. Bouzehouane, C. Deranlot, A. Vaures, F. Petroff, and A. Fert
Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 062502 (2006)

Reversible and irreversible current induced domain wall motion in CoFeB based spin valves stripes
S. Laribi, V. Cros, M. Munoz, J. Grollier, A. Hamzic, C. Deranlot, A. Fert, E. Martinez, L. Lopez-Diaz, L. Vila, G. Faini, S. Zoll, and R. Fournel
Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 232505 (2007)



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  • Postings

    Professor
    Université Paris-Sud

    Scientific Director
    Unité mixte de recherche

    Adjunct Professor of Physics
    Michigan State University