Eric R. Kandel

Eric Richard Kandel is an American neuropsychiatrist. He is the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 for his study on the physiology of memory storage in neurons. He shared the prize with ArvidCarlsson and Paul Greengard.

Kandel’s work was mainly based on the molecular biology of long term memory storage. He combined the behavioral, cellular, and molecular biological approaches to define the changes that regulate the simple forms of learning and memory in invertebrates and vertebrates. It involved initiation and maintenance of synaptic growth and study of features in simple forms of learning and memory in the Aplysia nervous system and in the mammalian hippocampus.

Eric Kandel also received the Dickson Prize (1982), Lasker Award (1983), National Medal of Science (1988) and the Wolf Prize in Medicine (1999).

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2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

2000 Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine

Lasker Award

Harvey Prize

National Medal of Science

Gairdner Award

Eleanor H Simpson; Christoph Kellendonk; Ryan D Ward; Vanessa Richards; Olga Lipatova; Stephen Fairhurst; Eric R Kandel; Peter D Balsam Pharmacologic rescue of motivational deficit in an animal model of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Biological psychiatry 2011;69(10):928-35.

Yun-Beom Choi; Hsiu-Ling Li; Stefan R Kassabov; Iksung Jin; Sathyanarayanan V Puthanveettil; Kevin A Karl; Yang Lu; Joung-Hun Kim; Craig H Bailey; Eric R Kandel Neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic interaction mediates learning-related synaptic remodeling and long-term facilitation in aplysia. Neuron 2011;70(3):468-81.

Ryan D Ward; Eleanor H Simpson; Eric R Kandel; Peter D Balsam Modeling motivational deficits in mouse models of schizophrenia: behavior analysis as a guide for neuroscience. Behavioural processes 2011;87(1):149-56.

Iksung Jin; Eric R Kandel; Robert D Hawkins Whereas short-term facilitation is presynaptic, intermediate-term facilitation involves both presynaptic and postsynaptic protein kinases and protein synthesis. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2011;18(2):96-102.

Sally M Till; Hsiu-Ling Li; Maria Concetta Miniaci; Eric R Kandel; Yun-Beom Choi A presynaptic role for FMRP during protein synthesis-dependent long-term plasticity in Aplysia. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2011;18(1):39-48.

Ferdinando Fiumara; Luana Fioriti; Eric R Kandel; Wayne A Hendrickson Essential role of coiled coils for aggregation and activity of Q/N-rich prions and PolyQ proteins. Cell 2010;143(7):1121-35.

Sun-Lim Choi; Yong-Seok Lee; Young-Soo Rim; Tae-Hyung Kim; Leonid L Moroz; Eric R Kandel; Jong Bhak; Bong-Kiun Kaang Differential evolutionary rates of neuronal transcriptome in Aplysia kurodai and Aplysia californica as a tool for gene mining. Journal of neurogenetics 2010;24(2):75-82.

Gaël Malleret; Juan M Alarcon; Guillaume Martel; Shuichi Takizawa; Svetlana Vronskaya; Deqi Yin; Irene Z Chen; Eric R Kandel; Gleb P Shumyatsky Bidirectional regulation of hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity and its influence on opposing forms of memory. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2010;30(10):3813-25.

Sang-Yong Jung; Juhyun Kim; Oh Bin Kwon; Jung Hoon Jung; Kyongman An; A Young Jeong; C Justin Lee; Yun-Beom Choi; Craig H Bailey; Eric R Kandel; et al. Input-specific synaptic plasticity in the amygdala is regulated by neuroligin-1 via postsynaptic NMDA receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010;107(10):4710-5.

Eric R Kandel The biology of memory: a forty-year perspective. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2009;29(41):12748-56.

Yong-Seok Lee; Sun-Lim Choi; Seung-Hee Lee; Hyoung Kim; Hyungju Park; Nuribalhae Lee; Sue-Hyun Lee; Yeon-Su Chae; Deok-Jin Jang; Eric R Kandel; et al. Identification of a serotonin receptor coupled to adenylyl cyclase involved in learning-related heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009;106(34):14634-9.

Isabel A Muzzio; Liat Levita; Jayant Kulkarni; Joseph Monaco; Clifford Kentros; Matthew Stead; Larry F Abbott; Eric R Kandel Attention enhances the retrieval and stability of visuospatial and olfactory representations in the dorsal hippocampus. PLoS biology 2009;7(6):e1000140.

Eric R Kandel An introduction to the work of David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel. The Journal of physiology 2009;587(Pt 12):2733-41.

Christoph Kellendonk; Eleanor H Simpson; Eric R Kandel Modeling cognitive endophenotypes of schizophrenia in mice. Trends in neurosciences 2009;32(6):347-58.

Naphtali A O’Connor; Nathan Stevens; Diana Samaroo; Marissa R Solomon; Angel A Martí; Joanne Dyer; Harshad Vishwasrao; Daniel L Akins; Eric R Kandel; Nicholas J Turro A covalently linked phenanthridine-ruthenium(II) complex as a RNA probe. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2009;(19):2640-2.

Jose Viosca; Gaël Malleret; Rusiko Bourtchouladze; Eva Benito; Svetlana Vronskava; Eric R Kandel; Angel Barco Chronic enhancement of CREB activity in the hippocampus interferes with the retrieval of spatial information. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2009;16(3):198-209.

Hsiu-Ling Li; Ben S Huang; Harshad Vishwasrao; Nadia Sutedja; Wei Chen; Iksung Jin; Robert D Hawkins; Craig H Bailey; Eric R Kandel Dscam mediates remodeling of glutamate receptors in Aplysia during de novo and learning-related synapse formation. Neuron 2009;61(4):527-40.

Sathyanarayanan V Puthanveettil; Francisco J Monje; Maria Concetta Miniaci; Yun-Beom Choi; Kevin A Karl; Eugene Khandros; Mary Ann Gawinowicz; Michael P Sheetz; Eric R Kandel A new component in synaptic plasticity: upregulation of kinesin in the neurons of the gill-withdrawal reflex. Cell 2008;135(5):960-73.

Yong-Seok Lee; Sun-Lim Choi; Tae-Hyung Kim; Jin-A Lee; Hyong Kyu Kim; Hyoung Kim; Deok-Jin Jang; Jennifer J Lee; Sunghoon Lee; Gwang Sik Sin; et al. Transcriptome analysis and identification of regulators for long-term plasticity in Aplysia kurodai. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008;105(47):18602-7.

Mary-Elizabeth Bach; Eleanor H Simpson; Lora Kahn; John J Marshall; Eric R Kandel; Christoph Kellendonk Transient and selective overexpression of D2 receptors in the striatum causes persistent deficits in conditional associative learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008;105(41):16027-32.

Daniela D Pollak; Francisco J Monje; Lee Zuckerman; Christine A Denny; Michael R Drew; Eric R Kandel An animal model of a behavioral intervention for depression. Neuron 2008;60(1):149-61.

Maria Concetta Miniaci; Joung-Hun Kim; Sathyanarayanan V Puthanveettil; Kausik Si; Huixiang Zhu; Eric R Kandel; Craig H Bailey Sustained CPEB-dependent local protein synthesis is required to stabilize synaptic growth for persistence of long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 2008;59(6):1024-36.

N Ruth Zearfoss; Juan Marcos Alarcon; Pierre Trifilieff; Eric Kandel; Joel D Richter A molecular circuit composed of CPEB-1 and c-Jun controls growth hormone-mediated synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2008;28(34):8502-9.

Yan-You Huang; Eric R Kandel; Amir Levine Chronic nicotine exposure induces a long-lasting and pathway-specific facilitation of LTP in the amygdala. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2008;15(8):603-10.

Juhyun Kim; Sang-Yong Jung; Yeon Kyung Lee; Sangki Park; June-Seek Choi; C Justin Lee; Hye-Sun Kim; Yun-Beom Choi; Peter Scheiffele; Craig H Bailey; et al. Neuroligin-1 is required for normal expression of LTP and associative fear memory in the amygdala of adult animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008;105(26):9087-92.

Nathan Stevens; Naphtali O’Connor; Harshad Vishwasrao; Diana Samaroo; Eric R Kandel; Daniel L Akins; Charles M Drain; Nicholas J Turro Two color RNA intercalating probe for cell imaging applications. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008;130(23):7182-3.

Russell E Nicholls; Juan Marcos Alarcon; Gaël Malleret; Reed C Carroll; Michael Grody; Svetlana Vronskaya; Eric R Kandel Transgenic mice lacking NMDAR-dependent LTD exhibit deficits in behavioral flexibility. Neuron 2008;58(1):104-17.

Christopher P Bailey; Russell E Nicholls; Xiao-lei Zhang; Zhen-yu Zhou; Wolfgang Müller; Eric R Kandel; Patric K Stanton Galpha(i2) inhibition of adenylate cyclase regulates presynaptic activity and unmasks cGMP-dependent long-term depression at Schaffer collateral-CA1 hippocampal synapses. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2008;15(4):261-70.

Yong-Seok Lee; Craig H Bailey; Eric R Kandel; Bong-Kiun Kaang Transcriptional regulation of long-term memory in the marine snail Aplysia. Molecular brain 2008;1():3.

Craig H Bailey; Eric R Kandel Synaptic remodeling, synaptic growth and the storage of long-term memory in Aplysia. Progress in brain research 2008;169():179-98.

Mikel Lopez de Armentia; Dragana Jancic; Roman Olivares; Juan M Alarcon; Eric R Kandel; Angel Barco cAMP response element-binding protein-mediated gene expression increases the intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2007;27(50):13909-18.

Michael R Drew; Eleanor H Simpson; Christoph Kellendonk; William G Herzberg; Olga Lipatova; Stephen Fairhurst; Eric R Kandel; Chara Malapani; Peter D Balsam Transient overexpression of striatal D2 receptors impairs operant motivation and interval timing. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2007;27(29):7731-9.

Yan-You Huang; Eric R Kandel Low-frequency stimulation induces a pathway-specific late phase of LTP in the amygdala that is mediated by PKA and dependent on protein synthesis. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2007;14(7):497-503.

Seung-Hee Lee; Chae-Seok Lim; Hyungju Park; Jin-A Lee; Jin-Hee Han; Hyoung Kim; Ye-Hwang Cheang; Sue-Hyun Lee; Yong-Seok Lee; Hyoung-Gon Ko; et al. Nuclear translocation of CAM-associated protein activates transcription for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Cell 2007;129(4):801-12.

K Touzani; S V Puthanveettil; E R Kandel Consolidation of learning strategies during spatial working memory task requires protein synthesis in the prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007;104(13):5632-7.

Yan-You Huang; Eric R Kandel 5-Hydroxytryptamine induces a protein kinase A/mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated and macromolecular synthesis-dependent late phase of long-term potentiation in the amygdala. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2007;27(12):3111-9.

Michael D Saxe; Gaël Malleret; Svetlana Vronskaya; Indira Mendez; A Denise Garcia; Michael V Sofroniew; Eric R Kandel; René Hen Paradoxical influence of hippocampal neurogenesis on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007;104(11):4642-6.

Haiyan Xu; Christoph B Kellendonk; Eleanor H Simpson; John G Keilp; Gerard E Bruder; H Jonathan Polan; Eric R Kandel; T Conrad Gilliam DRD2 C957T polymorphism interacts with the COMT Val158Met polymorphism in human working memory ability. Schizophrenia research 2007;90(1-3):104-7.

Leonid L Moroz; John R Edwards; Sathyanarayanan V Puthanveettil; Andrea B Kohn; Thomas Ha; Andreas Heyland; Bjarne Knudsen; Anuj Sahni; Fahong Yu; Li Liu; et al. Neuronal transcriptome of Aplysia: neuronal compartments and circuitry. Cell 2006;127(7):1453-67.

Carolina Isiegas; Alice Park; Eric R Kandel; Ted Abel; K Matthew Lattal Transgenic inhibition of neuronal protein kinase A activity facilitates fear extinction. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2006;26(49):12700-7.

Michael D Saxe; Fortunato Battaglia; Jing-Wen Wang; Gael Malleret; Denis J David; James E Monckton; A Denise R Garcia; Michael V Sofroniew; Eric R Kandel; Luca Santarelli; et al. Ablation of hippocampal neurogenesis impairs contextual fear conditioning and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006;103(46):17501-6.

Rusiko Bourtchouladze; Susan L Patterson; Michele P Kelly; Arati Kreibich; Eric R Kandel; Ted Abel Chronically increased Gsalpha signaling disrupts associative and spatial learning. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2006;13(6):745-52.

Sodikdjon A Kodirov; Shuichi Takizawa; Jamie Joseph; Eric R Kandel; Gleb P Shumyatsky; Vadim Y Bolshakov Synaptically released zinc gates long-term potentiation in fear conditioning pathways. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006;103(41):15218-23.

Amit Etkin; Tobias Egner; Daniel M Peraza; Eric R Kandel; Joy Hirsch Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala. Neuron 2006;51(6):871-82.

Jin-A Lee; Sue-Hyun Lee; Changhoon Lee; Deok-Jin Chang; Yong Lee; Hyoung Kim; Ye-Hwang Cheang; Hyoung-Gon Ko; Yong-Seok Lee; Heejung Jun; et al. PKA-activated ApAF-ApC/EBP heterodimer is a key downstream effector of ApCREB and is necessary and sufficient for the consolidation of long-term facilitation. The Journal of cell biology 2006;174(6):827-38.

Angel Barco; Craig H Bailey; Eric R Kandel Common molecular mechanisms in explicit and implicit memory. Journal of neurochemistry 2006;97(6):1520-33.

Robert D Hawkins; Eric R Kandel; Craig H Bailey Molecular mechanisms of memory storage in Aplysia. The Biological bulletin 2006;210(3):174-91.

Eric R Kandel Nerve center: events, people, and issues in academic neurology (interview with Eric R. Kandel). Annals of neurology 2006;59(6):A11-A13.

Yan-You Huang; Eric R Kandel Age-related enhancement of a protein synthesis-dependent late phase of LTP induced by low frequency paired-pulse stimulation in hippocampus. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2006;13(3):298-306.

Robert D Hawkins; Tracey E Cohen; Eric R Kandel Dishabituation in Aplysia can involve either reversal of habituation or superimposed sensitization. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2006;13(3):397-403.

Russell E Nicholls; Xiao-Lei Zhang; Christopher P Bailey; Bruce R Conklin; Eric R Kandel; Patric K Stanton mGluR2 acts through inhibitory Galpha subunits to regulate transmission and long-term plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006;103(16):6380-5.

Amit Etkin; Juan Marcos Alarcón; Stuart P Weisberg; Khalid Touzani; Yan You Huang; Alfred Nordheim; Eric R Kandel A role in learning for SRF: deletion in the adult forebrain disrupts LTD and the formation of an immediate memory of a novel context. Neuron 2006;50(1):127-43.

Eric Kandel Biology of the mind. Newsweek 2006;147(13):47.

Christopher Pittenger; Stefania Fasano; David Mazzocchi-Jones; Stephen B Dunnett; Eric R Kandel; Riccardo Brambilla Impaired bidirectional synaptic plasticity and procedural memory formation in striatum-specific cAMP response element-binding protein-deficient mice. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2006;26(10):2808-13.

Robert D Hawkins; Gregory A Clark; Eric R Kandel Operant conditioning of gill withdrawal in Aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2006;26(9):2443-8.

Christoph Kellendonk; Eleanor H Simpson; H Jonathan Polan; Gaël Malleret; Svetlana Vronskaya; Vanessa Winiger; Holly Moore; Eric R Kandel Transient and selective overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum causes persistent abnormalities in prefrontal cortex functioning. Neuron 2006;49(4):603-15.

Juan M Alarcon; Angel Barco; Eric R Kandel Capture of the late phase of long-term potentiation within and across the apical and basilar dendritic compartments of CA1 pyramidal neurons: synaptic tagging is compartment restricted. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2006;26(1):256-64.

Amir A Levine; Zhonghui Guan; Angel Barco; Shiqin Xu; Eric R Kandel; James H Schwartz CREB-binding protein controls response to cocaine by acetylating histones at the fosB promoter in the mouse striatum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005;102(52):19186-91.

Gleb P Shumyatsky; Gaël Malleret; Ryong-Moon Shin; Shuichi Takizawa; Keith Tully; Evgeny Tsvetkov; Stanislav S Zakharenko; Jamie Joseph; Svetlana Vronskaya; DeQi Yin; et al. stathmin, a gene enriched in the amygdala, controls both learned and innate fear. Cell 2005;123(4):697-709.

Yan-You Huang; Eric R Kandel Theta frequency stimulation induces a local form of late phase LTP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2005;12(6):587-93.

Angel Barco; Susan L Patterson; Susan Patterson; Juan M Alarcon; Petra Gromova; Manuel Mata-Roig; Alexei Morozov; Eric R Kandel Gene expression profiling of facilitated L-LTP in VP16-CREB mice reveals that BDNF is critical for the maintenance of LTP and its synaptic capture. Neuron 2005;48(1):123-37.

Shoshona S Le; F Alexandra Loucks; Hiroshi Udo; Sarah Richardson-Burns; Reid A Phelps; Ron J Bouchard; Holger Barth; Klaus Aktories; Kenneth L Tyler; Eric R Kandel; et al. Inhibition of Rac GTPase triggers a c-Jun- and Bim-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic cascade in cerebellar granule neurons. Journal of neurochemistry 2005;94(4):1025-39.

Yan-You Huang; Stanislav S Zakharenko; Susanne Schoch; Pascal S Kaeser; Roger Janz; Thomas C Südhof; Steven A Siegelbaum; Eric R Kandel Genetic evidence for a protein-kinase-A-mediated presynaptic component in NMDA-receptor-dependent forms of long-term synaptic potentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005;102(26):9365-70.

Michael T Rogan; Kam Sam Leon; David L Perez; Eric R Kandel Distinct neural signatures for safety and danger in the amygdala and striatum of the mouse. Neuron 2005;46(2):309-20.

Erik Kandel Eric Kandel: the future of memory. Molecular interventions 2005;5(2):65-9.

Hiroshi Udo; Iksung Jin; Joung-Hun Kim; Hsiu-Ling Li; Trisha Youn; Robert D Hawkins; Eric R Kandel; Craig H Bailey Serotonin-induced regulation of the actin network for learning-related synaptic growth requires Cdc42, N-WASP, and PAK in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 2005;45(6):887-901.

Eric R Kandel Eric Kandel: a life in learning and memory. Drug discovery today 2005;10(5):302-4.

Hong-Gang Wang; Fang-Min Lu; Iksung Jin; Hiroshi Udo; Eric R Kandel; Jan de Vente; Ulrich Walter; Suzanne M Lohmann; Robert D Hawkins; Irina Antonova Presynaptic and postsynaptic roles of NO, cGK, and RhoA in long-lasting potentiation and aggregation of synaptic proteins. Neuron 2005;45(3):389-403.

Yan-You Huang; Eric R Kandel Theta frequency stimulation up-regulates the synaptic strength of the pathway from CA1 to subiculum region of hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005;102(1):232-7.

Amit Etkin; Christopher Pittenger; H Jonathan Polan; Eric R Kandel Toward a neurobiology of psychotherapy: basic science and clinical applications. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2005;17(2):145-58.

Amit Etkin; Kristen C Klemenhagen; Joshua T Dudman; Michael T Rogan; René Hen; Eric R Kandel; Joy Hirsch Individual differences in trait anxiety predict the response of the basolateral amygdala to unconsciously processed fearful faces. Neuron 2004;44(6):1043-55.

Matthew F Nolan; Gaël Malleret; Josh T Dudman; Derek L Buhl; Bina Santoro; Emma Gibbs; Svetlana Vronskaya; György Buzsáki; Steven A Siegelbaum; Eric R Kandel; et al. A behavioral role for dendritic integration: HCN1 channels constrain spatial memory and plasticity at inputs to distal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Cell 2004;119(5):719-32.

Cynthia Lang; Angel Barco; Leonard Zablow; Eric R Kandel; Steven A Siegelbaum; Stanislav S Zakharenko Transient expansion of synaptically connected dendritic spines upon induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004;101(47):16665-70.

Ying Gao; Kangwen Deng; Jianwei Hou; J Barney Bryson; Angel Barco; Elena Nikulina; Tim Spencer; Wilfredo Mellado; Eric R Kandel; Marie T Filbin Activated CREB is sufficient to overcome inhibitors in myelin and promote spinal axon regeneration in vivo. Neuron 2004;44(4):609-21.

Tony A Pham; Sarah J Graham; Seigo Suzuki; Angel Barco; Eric R Kandel; Barbara Gordon; Marvin E Lickey A semi-persistent adult ocular dominance plasticity in visual cortex is stabilized by activated CREB. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2004;11(6):738-47.

Craig H Bailey; Eric R Kandel; Kausik Si The persistence of long-term memory: a molecular approach to self-sustaining changes in learning-induced synaptic growth. Neuron 2004;44(1):49-57.

Eric R Kandel The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialog between genes and synapses. Bioscience reports 2004;24(4-5):475-522.

Jin-Hee Han; Chae-Seok Lim; Yong-Seok Lee; Eric R Kandel; Bong-Kiun Kaang Role of Aplysia cell adhesion molecules during 5-HT-induced long-term functional and structural changes. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2004;11(4):421-35.

Juan M Alarcón; Gaël Malleret; Khalid Touzani; Svetlana Vronskaya; Shunsuke Ishii; Eric R Kandel; Angel Barco Chromatin acetylation, memory, and LTP are impaired in CBP+/- mice: a model for the cognitive deficit in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and its amelioration. Neuron 2004;42(6):947-59.

Martha J Farah; Judy Illes; Robert Cook-Deegan; Howard Gardner; Eric Kandel; Patricia King; Eric Parens; Barbara Sahakian; Paul Root Wolpe Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do? Nature reviews. Neuroscience 2004;5(5):421-5.

Juan M Alarcon; Rebecca Hodgman; Martin Theis; Yi-Shuian Huang; Eric R Kandel; Joel D Richter Selective modulation of some forms of schaffer collateral-CA1 synaptic plasticity in mice with a disruption of the CPEB-1 gene. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2004;11(3):318-27.

Miguel Verbitsky; Amanda L Yonan; Gaël Malleret; Eric R Kandel; T Conrad Gilliam; Paul Pavlidis Altered hippocampal transcript profile accompanies an age-related spatial memory deficit in mice. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2004;11(3):253-60.

Clifford G Kentros; Naveen T Agnihotri; Samantha Streater; Robert D Hawkins; Eric R Kandel Increased attention to spatial context increases both place field stability and spatial memory. Neuron 2004;42(2):283-95.

Carlos A Saura; Se-Young Choi; Vassilios Beglopoulos; Seema Malkani; Dawei Zhang; B S Shankaranarayana Rao; Sumantra Chattarji; Raymond J Kelleher; Eric R Kandel; Karen Duff; et al. Loss of presenilin function causes impairments of memory and synaptic plasticity followed by age-dependent neurodegeneration. Neuron 2004;42(1):23-36.

Naveen T Agnihotri; Robert D Hawkins; Eric R Kandel; Clifford Kentros The long-term stability of new hippocampal place fields requires new protein synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004;101(10):3656-61.

Yan-You Huang; Eleanor Simpson; Christoph Kellendonk; Eric R Kandel Genetic evidence for the bidirectional modulation of synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex by D1 receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004;101(9):3236-41.

Yan-You Huang; Christopher Pittenger; Eric R Kandel A form of long-lasting, learning-related synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus induced by heterosynaptic low-frequency pairing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004;101(3):859-64.

K Si; S Lindquist; E Kandel A possible epigenetic mechanism for the persistence of memory. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 2004;69():497-8.

Kausik Si; Maurizio Giustetto; Amit Etkin; Ruby Hsu; Agnieszka M Janisiewicz; Maria Conchetta Miniaci; Joung-Hun Kim; Huixiang Zhu; Eric R Kandel A neuronal isoform of CPEB regulates local protein synthesis and stabilizes synapse-specific long-term facilitation in aplysia. Cell 2003;115(7):893-904.

Kausik Si; Susan Lindquist; Eric R Kandel A neuronal isoform of the aplysia CPEB has prion-like properties. Cell 2003;115(7):879-91.

Matthew F Nolan; Gaël Malleret; Ka Hung Lee; Emma Gibbs; Joshua T Dudman; Bina Santoro; Deqi Yin; Richard F Thompson; Steven A Siegelbaum; Eric R Kandel; et al. The hyperpolarization-activated HCN1 channel is important for motor learning and neuronal integration by cerebellar Purkinje cells. Cell 2003;115(5):551-64.

Maurizio Giustetto; Ashok N Hegde; Kausik Si; Andrea Casadio; Kaoru Inokuchi; Wanzheng Pei; Eric R Kandel; James H Schwartz Axonal transport of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1alpha mRNA couples transcription in the nucleus to long-term facilitation at the synapse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003;100(23):13680-5.

Robert Moccia; Dillon Chen; Vlasta Lyles; Estreya Kapuya; Yaping E; Sergey Kalachikov; Christian M T Spahn; Joachim Frank; Eric R Kandel; Mark Barad; et al. An unbiased cDNA library prepared from isolated Aplysia sensory neuron processes is enriched for cytoskeletal and translational mRNAs. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2003;23(28):9409-17.

Eric R Kandel; Sarah Mack A parallel between radical reductionism in science and in art. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2003;1001():272-94.

Joung-Hun Kim; Hiroshi Udo; Hsiu-Ling Li; Trisha Y Youn; Mary Chen; Eric R Kandel; Craig H Bailey Presynaptic activation of silent synapses and growth of new synapses contribute to intermediate and long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 2003;40(1):151-65.

Stanislav S Zakharenko; Susan L Patterson; Ioannis Dragatsis; Scott O Zeitlin; Steven A Siegelbaum; Eric R Kandel; Alexei Morozov Presynaptic BDNF required for a presynaptic but not postsynaptic component of LTP at hippocampal CA1-CA3 synapses. Neuron 2003;39(6):975-90.

Amy Chen; Isabel A Muzzio; Gaël Malleret; Dusan Bartsch; Miguel Verbitsky; Paul Pavlidis; Amanda L Yonan; Svetlana Vronskaya; Michael B Grody; Ivan Cepeda; et al. Inducible enhancement of memory storage and synaptic plasticity in transgenic mice expressing an inhibitor of ATF4 (CREB-2) and C/EBP proteins. Neuron 2003;39(4):655-69.

Zhonghui Guan; Joung-Hun Kim; Stavros Lomvardas; Kerri Holick; Shiqin Xu; Eric R Kandel; James H Schwartz p38 MAP kinase mediates both short-term and long-term synaptic depression in aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2003;23(19):7317-25.

Martin Theis; Kausik Si; Eric R Kandel Two previously undescribed members of the mouse CPEB family of genes and their inducible expression in the principal cell layers of the hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003;100(16):9602-7.

Alexei Morozov; Isabel A Muzzio; Rusiko Bourtchouladze; Niels Van-Strien; Kyle Lapidus; DeQi Yin; Danny G Winder; J Paige Adams; J David Sweatt; Eric R Kandel Rap1 couples cAMP signaling to a distinct pool of p42/44MAPK regulating excitability, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Neuron 2003;39(2):309-25.

Christopher Pittenger; Eric R Kandel In search of general mechanisms for long-lasting plasticity: Aplysia and the hippocampus. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 2003;358(1432):757-63.

Erik R Kandel; Christopher Pittenger [Past and future studies of memory]. KOS 2003;(211):38-43.

William B Raich; Celine Moorman; Clay O Lacefield; Jonah Lehrer; Dusan Bartsch; Ronald H A Plasterk; Eric R Kandel; Oliver Hobert Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans homologs of the Down syndrome candidate gene DYRK1A. Genetics 2003;163(2):571-80.

Angel Barco; Christopher Pittenger; Eric R Kandel CREB, memory enhancement and the treatment of memory disorders: promises, pitfalls and prospects. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 2003;7(1):101-14.

Igor Antonov; Irina Antonova; Eric R Kandel; Robert D Hawkins Activity-dependent presynaptic facilitation and hebbian LTP are both required and interact during classical conditioning in Aplysia. Neuron 2003;37(1):135-47.

Jung-Hwan Choi; Jin-A Lee; Seok-Won Yim; Chae-Seok Lim; Chi-Hoon Lee; Young-Don Lee; Dusan Bartsch; Eric R Kandel; Bong-Kiun Kaang Using an aplysia two-hybrid system to examine the interactions between transcription factors involved in long-term facilitation in the nervous system of aplysia. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2003;10(1):40-3.

Gleb P Shumyatsky; Evgeny Tsvetkov; Gaël Malleret; Svetlana Vronskaya; Michael Hatton; Lori Hampton; James F Battey; Catherine Dulac; Eric R Kandel; Vadim Y Bolshakov Identification of a signaling network in lateral nucleus of amygdala important for inhibiting memory specifically related to learned fear. Cell 2002;111(6):905-18.

Zhonghui Guan; Maurizio Giustetto; Stavros Lomvardas; Joung-Hun Kim; Maria Concetta Miniaci; James H Schwartz; Dimitris Thanos; Eric R Kandel Integration of long-term-memory-related synaptic plasticity involves bidirectional regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure. Cell 2002;111(4):483-93.

Christopher Pittenger; Yan You Huang; Ronald F Paletzki; Roussoudan Bourtchouladze; Heather Scanlin; Svetlana Vronskaya; Eric R Kandel Reversible inhibition of CREB/ATF transcription factors in region CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus disrupts hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Neuron 2002;34(3):447-62.

Evgeny Tsvetkov; William A Carlezon; Francine M Benes; Eric R Kandel; Vadim Y Bolshakov Fear conditioning occludes LTP-induced presynaptic enhancement of synaptic transmission in the cortical pathway to the lateral amygdala. Neuron 2002;34(2):289-300.

Angel Barco; Juan M Alarcon; Eric R Kandel Expression of constitutively active CREB protein facilitates the late phase of long-term potentiation by enhancing synaptic capture. Cell 2002;108(5):689-703.

Melissa P Allen; Daniel A Linseman; Hiroshi Udo; Mei Xu; Jerome B Schaack; Brian Varnum; Eric R Kandel; Kim A Heidenreich; Margaret E Wierman Novel mechanism for gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal migration involving Gas6/Ark signaling to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Molecular and cellular biology 2002;22(2):599-613.

I Antonova; O Arancio; A C Trillat; H G Wang; L Zablow; H Udo; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Rapid increase in clusters of presynaptic proteins at onset of long-lasting potentiation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2001;294(5546):1547-50.

E R Kandel The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2001;294(5544):1030-8.

S L Patterson; C Pittenger; A Morozov; K C Martin; H Scanlin; C Drake; E R Kandel Some forms of cAMP-mediated long-lasting potentiation are associated with release of BDNF and nuclear translocation of phospho-MAP kinase. Neuron 2001;32(1):123-40.

E R Kandel The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialog between genes and synapses. Bioscience reports 2001;21(5):565-611.

H Yu; C A Saura; S Y Choi; L D Sun; X Yang; M Handler; T Kawarabayashi; L Younkin; B Fedeles; M A Wilson; et al. APP processing and synaptic plasticity in presenilin-1 conditional knockout mice. Neuron 2001;31(5):713-26.

I Antonov; I Antonova; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins The contribution of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity to classical conditioning in Aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2001;21(16):6413-22.

G Malleret; U Haditsch; D Genoux; M W Jones; T V Bliss; A M Vanhoose; C Weitlauf; E R Kandel; D G Winder; I M Mansuy Inducible and reversible enhancement of learning, memory, and long-term potentiation by genetic inhibition of calcineurin. Cell 2001;104(5):675-86.

K J Arrow; J Axelrod; B Benacerraf; P Berg; J M Bishop; N Bloembergen; H C Brown; J Cibelli; S Cohen; L N Cooper; et al. Nobel laureates’ letter to President Bush. Washington post (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 2001;():A02.

W M Cowan; E R Kandel Prospects for neurology and psychiatry. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2001;285(5):594-600.

E R Kandel Psychotherapy and the single synapse: the impact of psychiatric thought on neurobiological research. 1979. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2001;13(2):290-300; dscussion 289.

S A Small; E X Wu; D Bartsch; G M Perera; C O Lacefield; R DeLaPaz; R Mayeux; Y Stern; E R Kandel Imaging physiologic dysfunction of individual hippocampal subregions in humans and genetically modified mice. Neuron 2000;28(3):653-64.

B S Kauderer; E R Kandel Capture of a protein synthesis-dependent component of long-term depression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000;97(24):13342-7.

E R Kandel; L R Squire Neuroscience: breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2000;290(5494):1113-20.

D Bartsch; M Ghirardi; A Casadio; M Giustetto; K A Karl; H Zhu; E R Kandel Enhancement of memory-related long-term facilitation by ApAF, a novel transcription factor that acts downstream from both CREB1 and CREB2. Cell 2000;103(4):595-608.

A Rotenberg; T Abel; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel; R U Muller Parallel instabilities of long-term potentiation, place cells, and learning caused by decreased protein kinase A activity. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2000;20(21):8096-102.

C H Bailey; M Giustetto; H Zhu; M Chen; E R Kandel A novel function for serotonin-mediated short-term facilitation in aplysia: conversion of a transient, cell-wide homosynaptic hebbian plasticity into a persistent, protein synthesis-independent synapse-specific enhancement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000;97(21):11581-6.

C H Bailey; M Giustetto; Y Y Huang; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Is heterosynaptic modulation essential for stabilizing Hebbian plasticity and memory? Nature reviews. Neuroscience 2000;1(1):11-20.

T D Albright; E R Kandel; M I Posner Cognitive neuroscience. Current opinion in neurobiology 2000;10(5):612-24.

K C Martin; M Barad; E R Kandel Local protein synthesis and its role in synapse-specific plasticity. Current opinion in neurobiology 2000;10(5):587-92.

G V Lees; E G Jones; E Kandel Expressive genes record memories. Neurobiology of disease 2000;7(5):533-6.

Y Y Huang; K C Martin; E R Kandel Both protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase are required in the amygdala for the macromolecular synthesis-dependent late phase of long-term potentiation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2000;20(17):6317-25.

P V Nguyen; T Abel; E R Kandel; R Bourtchouladze Strain-dependent differences in LTP and hippocampus-dependent memory in inbred mice. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2000;7(3):170-9.

Y M Lu; I M Mansuy; E R Kandel; J Roder Calcineurin-mediated LTD of GABAergic inhibition underlies the increased excitability of CA1 neurons associated with LTP. Neuron 2000;26(1):197-205.

E R Kandel Michael V.L. Bennett and the cellular study of neural systems at Albert Einstein and Woods Hole. Brain research. Brain research reviews 2000;32(1):3-5.

T D Albright; T M Jessell; E R Kandel; M I Posner Neural science: a century of progress and the mysteries that remain. Cell 2000;100 Suppl():S1-55.

D J Chang; X C Li; Y S Lee; H K Kim; U S Kim; N J Cho; X Lo; K R Weiss; E R Kandel; B K Kaang Activation of a heterologously expressed octopamine receptor coupled only to adenylyl cyclase produces all the features of presynaptic facilitation in aplysia sensory neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000;97(4):1829-34.

T D Albright; T M Jessell; E R Kandel; M I Posner Neural science: a century of progress and the mysteries that remain. Neuron 2000;25 Suppl():S1-55.

P A Skehel; R Fabian-Fine; E R Kandel Mouse VAP33 is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000;97(3):1101-6.

W M Cowan; D H Harter; E R Kandel The emergence of modern neuroscience: some implications for neurology and psychiatry. Annual review of neuroscience 2000;23():343-91.

E R Kandel; C Pittenger The past, the future and the biology of memory storage. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 1999;354(1392):2027-52.

I Antonov; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins The contribution of facilitation of monosynaptic PSPs to dishabituation and sensitization of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1999;19(23):10438-50.

Y F Lu; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Nitric oxide signaling contributes to late-phase LTP and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1999;19(23):10250-61.

D G Winder; K C Martin; I A Muzzio; D Rohrer; A Chruscinski; B Kobilka; E R Kandel ERK plays a regulatory role in induction of LTP by theta frequency stimulation and its modulation by beta-adrenergic receptors. Neuron 1999;24(3):715-26.

M Mayford; E R Kandel Genetic approaches to memory storage. Trends in genetics : TIG 1999;15(11):463-70.

A Casadio; K C Martin; M Giustetto; H Zhu; M Chen; D Bartsch; C H Bailey; E R Kandel A transient, neuron-wide form of CREB-mediated long-term facilitation can be stabilized at specific synapses by local protein synthesis. Cell 1999;99(2):221-37.

M E Bach; M Barad; H Son; M Zhuo; Y F Lu; R Shih; I Mansuy; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Age-related defects in spatial memory are correlated with defects in the late phase of hippocampal long-term potentiation in vitro and are attenuated by drugs that enhance the cAMP signaling pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999;96(9):5280-5.

M Zhuo; W Zhang; H Son; I Mansuy; R A Sobel; J Seidman; E R Kandel A selective role of calcineurin aalpha in synaptic depotentiation in hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999;96(8):4650-5.

E R Kandel Biology and the future of psychoanalysis: a new intellectual framework for psychiatry revisited. The American journal of psychiatry 1999;156(4):505-24.

L Ma; L Zablow; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum Cyclic AMP induces functional presynaptic boutons in hippocampal CA3-CA1 neuronal cultures. Nature neuroscience 1999;2(1):24-30.

D G Chain; A Casadio; S Schacher; A N Hegde; M Valbrun; N Yamamoto; A L Goldberg; D Bartsch; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 1999;22(1):147-56.

M Barad; R Bourtchouladze; D G Winder; H Golan; E Kandel Rolipram, a type IV-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, facilitates the establishment of long-lasting long-term potentiation and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998;95(25):15020-5.

N Kojima; H Ishibashi; K Obata; E R Kandel Higher seizure susceptibility and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B in fyn transgenic mice. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1998;5(6):429-45.

D Bartsch; A Casadio; K A Karl; P Serodio; E R Kandel CREB1 encodes a nuclear activator, a repressor, and a cytoplasmic modulator that form a regulatory unit critical for long-term facilitation. Cell 1998;95(2):211-23.

D Baranes; D Lederfein; Y Y Huang; M Chen; C H Bailey; E R Kandel Tissue plasminogen activator contributes to the late phase of LTP and to synaptic growth in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway. Neuron 1998;21(4):813-25.

R Bourtchouladze; T Abel; N Berman; R Gordon; K Lapidus; E R Kandel Different training procedures recruit either one or two critical periods for contextual memory consolidation, each of which requires protein synthesis and PKA. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1998;5(4-5):365-74.

I M Mansuy; D G Winder; T M Moallem; M Osman; M Mayford; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Inducible and reversible gene expression with the rtTA system for the study of memory. Neuron 1998;21(2):257-65.

Y Y Huang; E R Kandel Postsynaptic induction and PKA-dependent expression of LTP in the lateral amygdala. Neuron 1998;21(1):169-78.

H Son; Y F Lu; M Zhuo; O Arancio; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins The specific role of cGMP in hippocampal LTP. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1998;5(3):231-45.

C Kentros; E Hargreaves; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel; M Shapiro; R V Muller Abolition of long-term stability of new hippocampal place cell maps by NMDA receptor blockade. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1998;280(5372):2121-6.

R D Hawkins; W Greene; E R Kandel Classical conditioning, differential conditioning, and second-order conditioning of the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex in a simplified mantle organ preparation. Behavioral neuroscience 1998;112(3):636-45.

B Santoro; D T Liu; H Yao; D Bartsch; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum; G R Tibbs Identification of a gene encoding a hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channel of brain. Cell 1998;93(5):717-29.

T Abel; E Kandel Positive and negative regulatory mechanisms that mediate long-term memory storage. Brain research. Brain research reviews 1998;26(2-3):360-78.

E R Kandel A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. The American journal of psychiatry 1998;155(4):457-69.

B Milner; L R Squire; E R Kandel Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory. Neuron 1998;20(3):445-68.

T Jessell; E Kandel Introduction: one decade of Neuron, six decades of neuroscience. Neuron 1998;20(3):367-9.

D Michael; K C Martin; R Seger; M M Ning; R Baston; E R Kandel Repeated pulses of serotonin required for long-term facilitation activate mitogen-activated protein kinase in sensory neurons of Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998;95(4):1864-9.

R D Hawkins; T E Cohen; W Greene; E R Kandel Relationships between dishabituation, sensitization, and inhibition of the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica: effects of response measure, test time, and training stimulus. Behavioral neuroscience 1998;112(1):24-38.

C Pittenger; E Kandel A genetic switch for long-term memory. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie 1998;321(2-3):91-6.

T Abel; K C Martin; D Bartsch; E R Kandel Memory suppressor genes: inhibitory constraints on the storage of long-term memory. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1998;279(5349):338-41.

I M Mansuy; M Mayford; B Jacob; E R Kandel; M E Bach Restricted and regulated overexpression reveals calcineurin as a key component in the transition from short-term to long-term memory. Cell 1998;92(1):39-49.

D G Winder; I M Mansuy; M Osman; T M Moallem; E R Kandel Genetic and pharmacological evidence for a novel, intermediate phase of long-term potentiation suppressed by calcineurin. Cell 1998;92(1):25-37.

J X Bao; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Involvement of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms in a cellular analog of classical conditioning at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses in isolated cell culture. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1998;18(1):458-66.

K C Martin; A Casadio; H Zhu; E Yaping; J C Rose; M Chen; C H Bailey; E R Kandel Synapse-specific, long-term facilitation of aplysia sensory to motor synapses: a function for local protein synthesis in memory storage. Cell 1997;91(7):927-38.

B Santoro; S G Grant; D Bartsch; E R Kandel Interactive cloning with the SH3 domain of N-src identifies a new brain specific ion channel protein, with homology to eag and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997;94(26):14815-20.

E R Kandel Genes, synapses, and long-term memory. Journal of cellular physiology 1997;173(2):124-5.

V Y Bolshakov; H Golan; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum Recruitment of new sites of synaptic transmission during the cAMP-dependent late phase of LTP at CA3-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus. Neuron 1997;19(3):635-51.

M Mayford; I M Mansuy; R U Muller; E R Kandel Memory and behavior: a second generation of genetically modified mice. Current biology : CB 1997;7(9):R580-9.

P V Nguyen; E R Kandel Brief theta-burst stimulation induces a transcription-dependent late phase of LTP requiring cAMP in area CA1 of the mouse hippocampus. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1997;4(2):230-43.

C H Bailey; B K Kaang; M Chen; K C Martin; C S Lim; A Casadio; E R Kandel Mutation in the phosphorylation sites of MAP kinase blocks learning-related internalization of apCAM in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 1997;18(6):913-24.

K C Martin; D Michael; J C Rose; M Barad; A Casadio; H Zhu; E R Kandel MAP kinase translocates into the nucleus of the presynaptic cell and is required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 1997;18(6):899-912.

N Kojima; J Wang; I M Mansuy; S G Grant; M Mayford; E R Kandel Rescuing impairment of long-term potentiation in fyn-deficient mice by introducing Fyn transgene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997;94(9):4761-5.

L Frost; S W Kaplan; T E Cohen; V Henzi; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins A simplified preparation for relating cellular events to behavior: contribution of LE and unidentified siphon sensory neurons to mediation and habituation of the Aplysia gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1997;17(8):2900-13.

T E Cohen; S W Kaplan; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins A simplified preparation for relating cellular events to behavior: mechanisms contributing to habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization of the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1997;17(8):2886-99.

A N Hegde; K Inokuchi; W Pei; A Casadio; M Ghirardi; D G Chain; K C Martin; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase is an immediate-early gene essential for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Cell 1997;89(1):115-26.

T Abel; P V Nguyen; M Barad; T A Deuel; E R Kandel; R Bourtchouladze Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. Cell 1997;88(5):615-26.

J X Bao; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Involvement of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in posttetanic potentiation at Aplysia synapses. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1997;275(5302):969-73.

A Rotenberg; M Mayford; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel; R U Muller Mice expressing activated CaMKII lack low frequency LTP and do not form stable place cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Cell 1996;87(7):1351-61.

J Z Tsien; D F Chen; D Gerber; C Tom; E H Mercer; D J Anderson; M Mayford; E R Kandel; S Tonegawa Subregion- and cell type-restricted gene knockout in mouse brain. Cell 1996;87(7):1317-26.

O Arancio; M Kiebler; C J Lee; V Lev-Ram; R Y Tsien; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Nitric oxide acts directly in the presynaptic neuron to produce long-term potentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Cell 1996;87(6):1025-35.

H Son; R D Hawkins; K Martin; M Kiebler; P L Huang; M C Fishman; E R Kandel Long-term potentiation is reduced in mice that are doubly mutant in endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Cell 1996;87(6):1015-23.

M Mayford; M E Bach; Y Y Huang; L Wang; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Control of memory formation through regulated expression of a CaMKII transgene. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1996;274(5293):1678-83.

C H Bailey; D Bartsch; E R Kandel Toward a molecular definition of long-term memory storage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996;93(24):13445-52.

M Mayford; D Baranes; K Podsypanina; E R Kandel The 3’-untranslated region of CaMKII alpha is a cis-acting signal for the localization and translation of mRNA in dendrites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996;93(23):13250-5.

K C Martin; E R Kandel Cell adhesion molecules, CREB, and the formation of new synaptic connections. Neuron 1996;17(4):567-70.

Y Y Huang; P V Nguyen; T Abel; E R Kandel Long-lasting forms of synaptic potentiation in the mammalian hippocampus. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1996;3(2-3):74-85.

Y Y Huang; M E Bach; H P Lipp; M Zhuo; D P Wolfer; R D Hawkins; L Schoonjans; E R Kandel; J M Godfraind; R Mulligan; et al. Mice lacking the gene encoding tissue-type plasminogen activator show a selective interference with late-phase long-term potentiation in both Schaffer collateral and mossy fiber pathways. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996;93(16):8699-704.

S L Patterson; T Abel; T A Deuel; K C Martin; J C Rose; E R Kandel Recombinant BDNF rescues deficits in basal synaptic transmission and hippocampal LTP in BDNF knockout mice. Neuron 1996;16(6):1137-45.

P V Nguyen; E R Kandel A macromolecular synthesis-dependent late phase of long-term potentiation requiring cAMP in the medial perforant pathway of rat hippocampal slices. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1996;16(10):3189-98.

J C López-García; O Arancio; E R Kandel; D Baranes A presynaptic locus for long-term potentiation of elementary synaptic transmission at mossy fiber synapses in culture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996;93(10):4712-7.

D Baranes; J C López-García; M Chen; C H Bailey; E R Kandel Reconstitution of the hippocampal mossy fiber and associational-commissural pathways in a novel dissociated cell culture system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996;93(10):4706-11.

Y Y Huang; E R Kandel Modulation of both the early and the late phase of mossy fiber LTP by the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Neuron 1996;16(3):611-7.

M Qi; M Zhuo; B S Skålhegg; E P Brandon; E R Kandel; G S McKnight; R L Idzerda Impaired hippocampal plasticity in mice lacking the Cbeta1 catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996;93(4):1571-6.

M Mayford; M E Bach; E Kandel CaMKII function in the nervous system explored from a genetic perspective. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1996;61():219-24.

O Arancio; V Lev-Ram; R Y Tsien; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Nitric oxide acts as a retrograde messenger during long-term potentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Journal of physiology, Paris 1996;90(5-6):321-2.

Y Y Huang; E R Kandel; L Varshavsky; E P Brandon; M Qi; R L Idzerda; G S McKnight; R Bourtchouladze A genetic test of the effects of mutations in PKA on mossy fiber LTP and its relation to spatial and contextual learning. Cell 1995;83(7):1211-22.

D Bartsch; M Ghirardi; P A Skehel; K A Karl; S P Herder; M Chen; C H Bailey; E R Kandel Aplysia CREB2 represses long-term facilitation: relief of repression converts transient facilitation into long-term functional and structural change. Cell 1995;83(6):979-92.

K C Martin; Y Hu; B A Armitage; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel; B K Kaang Evidence for synaptotagmin as an inhibitory clamp on synaptic vesicle release in Aplysia neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995;92(24):11307-11.

P A Skehel; B A Armitage; D Bartsch; Y Hu; B K Kaang; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel; K C Martin Proteins functioning in synaptic transmission at the sensory to motor synapse of Aplysia. Neuropharmacology 1995;34(11):1379-85.

X C Li; J F Giot; D Kuhl; R Hen; E R Kandel Cloning and characterization of two related serotonergic receptors from the brain and the reproductive system of Aplysia that activate phospholipase C. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1995;15(11):7585-91.

D P Cain; S G Grant; D Saucier; E L Hargreaves; E R Kandel Fyn tyrosine kinase is required for normal amygdala kindling. Epilepsy research 1995;22(2):107-14.

P A Skehel; K C Martin; E R Kandel; D Bartsch A VAMP-binding protein from Aplysia required for neurotransmitter release. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1995;269(5230):1580-3.

E P Brandon; M Zhuo; Y Y Huang; M Qi; K A Gerhold; K A Burton; E R Kandel; G S McKnight; R L Idzerda Hippocampal long-term depression and depotentiation are defective in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the gene encoding the RI beta subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995;92(19):8851-5.

S G Grant; K A Karl; M A Kiebler; E R Kandel Focal adhesion kinase in the brain: novel subcellular localization and specific regulation by Fyn tyrosine kinase in mutant mice. Genes & development 1995;9(15):1909-21.

O Arancio; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Activity-dependent long-term enhancement of transmitter release by presynaptic 3’,5’-cyclic GMP in cultured hippocampal neurons. Nature 1995;376(6535):74-80.

C M Alberini; M Ghirardi; Y Y Huang; P V Nguyen; E R Kandel A molecular switch for the consolidation of long-term memory: cAMP-inducible gene expression. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1995;758():261-86.

M E Bach; R D Hawkins; M Osman; E R Kandel; M Mayford Impairment of spatial but not contextual memory in CaMKII mutant mice with a selective loss of hippocampal LTP in the range of the theta frequency. Cell 1995;81(6):905-15.

M Mayford; J Wang; E R Kandel; T J O’Dell CaMKII regulates the frequency-response function of hippocampal synapses for the production of both LTD and LTP. Cell 1995;81(6):891-904.

E Kandel; T Abel Neuropeptides, adenylyl cyclase, and memory storage. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1995;268(5212):825-6.

M Mayford; T Abel; E R Kandel Transgenic approaches to cognition. Current opinion in neurobiology 1995;5(2):141-8.

Y Y Huang; E R Kandel D1/D5 receptor agonists induce a protein synthesis-dependent late potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995;92(7):2446-50.

M Ghirardi; P G Montarolo; E R Kandel A novel intermediate stage in the transition between short- and long-term facilitation in the sensory to motor neuron synapse of aplysia. Neuron 1995;14(2):413-20.

B Zhao; F Rassendren; B K Kaang; Y Furukawa; T Kubo; E R Kandel A new class of noninactivating K+ channels from aplysia capable of contributing to the resting potential and firing patterns of neurons. Neuron 1994;13(5):1205-13.

G A Clark; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic facilitation provides a cellular mechanism for the temporal specificity of classical conditioning in Aplysia. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1994;1(4):243-57.

Y Y Huang; X C Li; E R Kandel cAMP contributes to mossy fiber LTP by initiating both a covalently mediated early phase and macromolecular synthesis-dependent late phase. Cell 1994;79(1):69-79.

Z Qian; M Gilbert; E R Kandel Temporal and spatial regulation of the expression of BAD2, a MAP kinase phosphatase, during seizure, kindling, and long-term potentiation. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1994;1(3):180-8.

P V Nguyen; T Abel; E R Kandel Requirement of a critical period of transcription for induction of a late phase of LTP. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1994;265(5175):1104-7.

T J O’Dell; P L Huang; T M Dawson; J L Dinerman; S H Snyder; E R Kandel; M C Fishman Endothelial NOS and the blockade of LTP by NOS inhibitors in mice lacking neuronal NOS. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1994;265(5171):542-6.

T J O’Dell; E R Kandel Low-frequency stimulation erases LTP through an NMDA receptor-mediated activation of protein phosphatases. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1994;1(2):129-39.

S Yamasaki; Y Hu; T Binz; A Kalkuhl; H Kurazono; T Tamura; R Jahn; E Kandel; H Niemann Synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) of Aplysia californica: structure and proteolysis by tetanus toxin and botulinal neurotoxins type D and F. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994;91(11):4688-92.

M Zhuo; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Nitric oxide and cGMP can produce either synaptic depression or potentiation depending on the frequency of presynaptic stimulation in the hippocampus. Neuroreport 1994;5(9):1033-6.

L S Eliot; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Modulation of spontaneous transmitter release during depression and posttetanic potentiation of Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses isolated in culture. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1994;14(5 Pt 2):3280-92.

Y Y Huang; E R Kandel Recruitment of long-lasting and protein kinase A-dependent long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of hippocampus requires repeated tetanization. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 1994;1(1):74-82.

M Zhuo; Y Hu; C Schultz; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Role of guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase in long-term potentiation. Nature 1994;368(6472):635-9.

C M Alberini; M Ghirardi; R Metz; E R Kandel C/EBP is an immediate-early gene required for the consolidation of long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Cell 1994;76(6):1099-114.

L S Eliot; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel; S Schacher Pairing-specific, activity-dependent presynaptic facilitation at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses in isolated cell culture. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1994;14(1):368-83.

C H Bailey; C Alberini; M Ghirardi; E R Kandel Molecular and structural changes underlying long-term memory storage in Aplysia. Advances in second messenger and phosphoprotein research 1994;29():529-44.

G A Clark; E R Kandel Induction of long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons by local application of serotonin to remote synapses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993;90(23):11411-5.

N Dale; E R Kandel L-glutamate may be the fast excitatory transmitter of Aplysia sensory neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993;90(15):7163-7.

M Zhuo; S A Small; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide produce activity-dependent long-term synaptic enhancement in hippocampus. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1993;260(5116):1946-50.

U Frey; Y Y Huang; E R Kandel Effects of cAMP simulate a late stage of LTP in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1993;260(5114):1661-4.

S Schacher; E R Kandel; P Montarolo cAMP and arachidonic acid simulate long-term structural and functional changes produced by neurotransmitters in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 1993;10(6):1079-88.

O Braha; B Edmonds; T Sacktor; E R Kandel; M Klein The contributions of protein kinase A and protein kinase C to the actions of 5-HT on the L-type Ca2+ current of the sensory neurons in Aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1993;13(5):1839-51.

Y Hu; A Barzilai; M Chen; C H Bailey; E R Kandel 5-HT and cAMP induce the formation of coated pits and vesicles and increase the expression of clathrin light chain in sensory neurons of aplysia. Neuron 1993;10(5):921-9.

B J Bacskai; B Hochner; M Mahaut-Smith; S R Adams; B K Kaang; E R Kandel; R Y Tsien Spatially resolved dynamics of cAMP and protein kinase A subunits in Aplysia sensory neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1993;260(5105):222-6.

B K Kaang; E R Kandel; S G Grant Activation of cAMP-responsive genes by stimuli that produce long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 1993;10(3):427-35.

L S Eliot; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum; H Blumenfeld Imaging terminals of Aplysia sensory neurons demonstrates role of enhanced Ca2+ influx in presynaptic facilitation. Nature 1993;361(6413):634-7.

Z Qian; M E Gilbert; M A Colicos; E R Kandel; D Kuhl Tissue-plasminogen activator is induced as an immediate-early gene during seizure, kindling and long-term potentiation. Nature 1993;361(6411):453-7.

C H Bailey; E R Kandel Structural changes accompanying memory storage. Annual review of physiology 1993;55():397-426.

T M Jessell; E R Kandel Synaptic transmission: a bidirectional and self-modifiable form of cell-cell communication. Cell 1993;72 Suppl():1-30.

S R Adams; B J Bacskai; B Hochner; B K Kaang; E R Kandel; M Mahaut-Smith; R Y Tsien Confocal imaging of cAMP signals in Aplysia neurons. The Japanese journal of physiology 1993;43 Suppl 1():S91-3.

R D Hawkins; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum Learning to modulate transmitter release: themes and variations in synaptic plasticity. Annual review of neuroscience 1993;16():625-65.

S G Grant; T J O’Dell; K A Karl; P L Stein; P Soriano; E R Kandel Impaired long-term potentiation, spatial learning, and hippocampal development in fyn mutant mice. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1992;258(5090):1903-10.

T E Kennedy; D Kuhl; A Barzilai; J D Sweatt; E R Kandel Long-term sensitization training in Aplysia leads to an increase in calreticulin, a major presynaptic calcium-binding protein. Neuron 1992;9(6):1013-24.

D Kuhl; T E Kennedy; A Barzilai; E R Kandel Long-term sensitization training in Aplysia leads to an increase in the expression of BiP, the major protein chaperon of the ER. The Journal of cell biology 1992;119(5):1069-76.

B Hochner; E R Kandel Modulation of a transient K+ current in the pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia by serotonin and cAMP: implications for spike broadening. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1992;89(23):11476-80.

Y Yovell; E R Kandel; Y Dudai; T W Abrams A quantitative study of the Ca2+/calmodulin sensitivity of adenylyl cyclase in Aplysia, Drosophila, and rat. Journal of neurochemistry 1992;59(5):1736-44.

E R Kandel; T J O’Dell Are adult learning mechanisms also used for development? Science (New York, N.Y.) 1992;258(5080):243-5.

C H Bailey; P Montarolo; M Chen; E R Kandel; S Schacher Inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis block structural changes that accompany long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Neuron 1992;9(4):749-58.

E R Kandel; R D Hawkins The biological basis of learning and individuality. Scientific American 1992;267(3):78-86.

M Ghirardi; O Braha; B Hochner; P G Montarolo; E R Kandel; N Dale Roles of PKA and PKC in facilitation of evoked and spontaneous transmitter release at depressed and nondepressed synapses in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 1992;9(3):479-89.

C H Bailey; M Chen; F Keller; E R Kandel Serotonin-mediated endocytosis of apCAM: an early step of learning-related synaptic growth in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1992;256(5057):645-9.

M Mayford; A Barzilai; F Keller; S Schacher; E R Kandel Modulation of an NCAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1992;256(5057):638-44.

S A Small; T E Cohen; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Identified FMRFamide-immunoreactive neuron LPL16 in the left pleural ganglion of Aplysia produces presynaptic inhibition of siphon sensory neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1992;12(5):1616-27.

Y Furukawa; E R Kandel; P Pfaffinger Three types of early transient potassium currents in Aplysia neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1992;12(3):989-1000.

B K Kaang; P J Pfaffinger; S G Grant; E R Kandel; Y Furukawa Overexpression of an Aplysia shaker K+ channel gene modifies the electrical properties and synaptic efficacy of identified Aplysia neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1992;89(3):1133-7.

T J O’Dell; S G Grant; K Karl; P M Soriano; E R Kandel Pharmacological and genetic approaches to the analysis of tyrosine kinase function in long-term potentiation. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1992;57():517-26.

T J O’Dell; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel; O Arancio Tests of the roles of two diffusible substances in long-term potentiation: evidence for nitric oxide as a possible early retrograde messenger. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991;88(24):11285-9.

D L Glanzman; E R Kandel; S Schacher Target-dependent morphological segregation of Aplysia sensory outgrowth in vitro. Neuron 1991;7(6):903-13.

T J O’Dell; E R Kandel; S G Grant Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus is blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Nature 1991;353(6344):558-60.

T W Abrams; K A Karl; E R Kandel Biochemical studies of stimulus convergence during classical conditioning in Aplysia: dual regulation of adenylate cyclase by Ca2+/calmodulin and transmitter. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1991;11(9):2655-65.

S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel Learning-related synaptic plasticity: LTP and LTD. Current opinion in neurobiology 1991;1(1):113-20.

P K Dash; K A Karl; M A Colicos; R Prywes; E R Kandel cAMP response element-binding protein is activated by Ca2+/calmodulin- as well as cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991;88(11):5061-5.

J F Brunet; E Shapiro; S A Foster; E R Kandel; Y Iino Identification of a peptide specific for Aplysia sensory neurons by PCR-based differential screening. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1991;252(5007):856-9.

P J Pfaffinger; Y Furukawa; B Zhao; D Dugan; E R Kandel Cloning and expression of an Aplysia K+ channel and comparison with native Aplysia K+ currents. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1991;11(4):918-27.

B Edmonds; M Klein; N Dale; E R Kandel Contributions of two types of calcium channels to synaptic transmission and plasticity. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1990;250(4984):1142-7.

H Blumenfeld; M E Spira; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum Facilitatory and inhibitory transmitters modulate calcium influx during action potentials in aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 1990;5(4):487-99.

S Schacher; P Montarolo; E R Kandel Selective short- and long-term effects of serotonin, small cardioactive peptide, and tetanic stimulation on sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia in culture. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1990;10(10):3286-94.

D L Glanzman; E R Kandel; S Schacher Target-dependent structural changes accompanying long-term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1990;249(4970):799-802.

P K Dash; B Hochner; E R Kandel Injection of the cAMP-responsive element into the nucleus of Aplysia sensory neurons blocks long-term facilitation. Nature 1990;345(6277):718-21.

P J Bergold; J D Sweatt; I Winicov; K R Weiss; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Protein synthesis during acquisition of long-term facilitation is needed for the persistent loss of regulatory subunits of the Aplysia cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990;87(10):3788-91.

O Braha; N Dale; B Hochner; M Klein; T W Abrams; E R Kandel Second messengers involved in the two processes of presynaptic facilitation that contribute to sensitization and dishabituation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990;87(5):2040-4.

N Dale; E R Kandel Facilitatory and inhibitory transmitters modulate spontaneous transmitter release at cultured Aplysia sensorimotor synapses. The Journal of physiology 1990;421():203-22.

S Schacher; D Glanzman; A Barzilai; P Dash; S G Grant; F Keller; M Mayford; E R Kandel Long-term facilitation in Aplysia: persistent phosphorylation and structural changes. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1990;55():187-202.

L S Eliot; Y Dudai; E R Kandel; T W Abrams Ca2+/calmodulin sensitivity may be common to all forms of neural adenylate cyclase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1989;86(23):9564-8.

S L Mackey; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Identified serotonergic neurons LCB1 and RCB1 in the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia produce presynaptic facilitation of siphon sensory neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1989;9(12):4227-35.

D L Glanzman; S L Mackey; R D Hawkins; A M Dyke; P E Lloyd; E R Kandel Depletion of serotonin in the nervous system of Aplysia reduces the behavioral enhancement of gill withdrawal as well as the heterosynaptic facilitation produced by tail shock. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1989;9(12):4200-13.

J D Sweatt; A Volterra; B Edmonds; K A Karl; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel FMRFamide reverses protein phosphorylation produced by 5-HT and cAMP in Aplysia sensory neurons. Nature 1989;342(6247):275-8.

R D Hawkins; N Lalevic; G A Clark; E R Kandel Classical conditioning of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex exhibits response specificity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1989;86(19):7620-4.

D L Glanzman; E R Kandel; S Schacher Identified target motor neuron regulates neurite outgrowth and synapse formation of aplysia sensory neurons in vitro. Neuron 1989;3(4):441-50.

A Barzilai; T E Kennedy; J D Sweatt; E R Kandel 5-HT modulates protein synthesis and the expression of specific proteins during long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 1989;2(6):1577-86.

J D Sweatt; E R Kandel Persistent and transcriptionally-dependent increase in protein phosphorylation in long-term facilitation of Aplysia sensory neurons. Nature 1989;339(6219):51-4.

S A Small; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic inhibition in Aplysia sensory neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1989;243(4898):1603-6.

J D Sweatt; T E Kennedy; K Wager-Smith; M A Gawinowicz; A Barzilai; K A Karl; E R Kandel Development of a database of amino acid sequences for proteins identified and isolated on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoresis 1989;10(2):152-7.

V F Castellucci; H Blumenfeld; P Goelet; E R Kandel Inhibitor of protein synthesis blocks long-term behavioral sensitization in the isolated gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia. Journal of neurobiology 1989;20(1):1-9.

E R Kandel Genes, nerve cells, and the remembrance of things past. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences 1989;1(2):103-25.

T E Kennedy; K Wager-Smith; A Barzilai; E R Kandel; J D Sweatt Sequencing proteins from acrylamide gels. Nature 1988;336(6198):499-500.

T E Kennedy; M A Gawinowicz; A Barzilai; E R Kandel; J D Sweatt Sequencing of proteins from two-dimensional gels by using in situ digestion and transfer of peptides to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes: application to proteins associated with sensitization in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1988;85(18):7008-12.

S Schacher; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel cAMP evokes long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons that requires new protein synthesis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1988;240(4859):1667-9.

W N Frost; G A Clark; E R Kandel Parallel processing of short-term memory for sensitization in Aplysia. Journal of neurobiology 1988;19(4):297-334.

V F Castellucci; T E Kennedy; E R Kandel; P Goelet A quantitative analysis of 2-D gels identifies proteins in which labeling is increased following long-term sensitization in Aplysia. Neuron 1988;1(4):321-8.

P G Montarolo; E R Kandel; S Schacher Long-term heterosynaptic inhibition in Aplysia. Nature 1988;333(6169):171-4.

T W Abrams; E R Kandel Is contiguity detection in classical conditioning a system or a cellular property? Learning in Aplysia suggests a possible molecular site. Trends in neurosciences 1988;11(4):128-35.

N Dale; S Schacher; E R Kandel Long-term facilitation in Aplysia involves increase in transmitter release. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1988;239(4837):282-5.

D Sweatt; A Volterra; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel Molecular convergence of presynaptic inhibition and presynaptic facilitation on common substrate proteins of individual sensory neurons of Aplysia. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1988;53 Pt 1():395-405.

S L Mackey; D L Glanzman; S A Small; A M Dyke; E R Kandel; R D Hawkins Tail shock produces inhibition as well as sensitization of the siphon-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia: possible behavioral role for presynaptic inhibition mediated by the peptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1987;84(23):8730-4.

Y Yovell; E R Kandel; Y Dudai; T W Abrams Biochemical correlates of short-term sensitization in Aplysia: temporal analysis of adenylate cyclase stimulation in a perfused-membrane preparation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1987;84(24):9285-9.

P Dash; I Lotan; M Knapp; E R Kandel; P Goelet Selective elimination of mRNAs in vivo: complementary oligodeoxynucleotides promote RNA degradation by an RNase H-like activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1987;84(22):7896-900.

D Piomelli; A Volterra; N Dale; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz; F Belardetti Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid as second messengers for presynaptic inhibition of Aplysia sensory cells. Nature 1987;328(6125):38-43.

N Dale; E R Kandel; S Schacher Serotonin produces long-term changes in the excitability of Aplysia sensory neurons in culture that depend on new protein synthesis. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1987;7(7):2232-8.

S Schacher; P Montarolo; V Castellucci; E R Kandel; P Goelet Molecular biological approaches to the relationship between short-term and long-term memory in Aplysia. Biochemical Society transactions 1987;15(1):125-6.

F Belardetti; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum Neuronal inhibition by the peptide FMRFamide involves opening of S K+ channels. Nature 1987;325(7000):153-6.

E R Kandel; V F Castellucci; P Goelet; S Schacher 1987 cell-biological interrelationships between short-term and long-term memory. Research publications – Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease 1987;65():111-32.

P G Montarolo; P Goelet; V F Castellucci; J Morgan; E R Kandel; S Schacher A critical period for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1986;234(4781):1249-54.

B Hochner; M Klein; S Schacher; E R Kandel Action-potential duration and the modulation of transmitter release from the sensory neurons of Aplysia in presynaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986;83(21):8410-4.

B Hochner; M Klein; S Schacher; E R Kandel Additional component in the cellular mechanism of presynaptic facilitation contributes to behavioral dishabituation in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986;83(22):8794-8.

M Klein; B Hochner; E R Kandel Facilitatory transmitters and cAMP can modulate accommodation as well as transmitter release in Aplysia sensory neurons: Evidence for parallel processing in a single cell. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986;83(20):7994-8.

F Belardetti; S Schacher; E R Kandel; S A Siegelbaum The growth cones of Aplysia sensory neurons: Modulation by serotonin of action potential duration and single potassium channel currents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986;83(18):7094-8.

E R Kandel; M Klein; V F Castellucci; S Schacher; P Goelet Some principles emerging from the study of short- and long-term memory. Neuroscience research 1986;3(6):498-520.

P Goelet; V F Castellucci; S Schacher; E R Kandel The long and the short of long-term memory–a molecular framework. Nature 1986;322(6078):419-22.

R D Hawkins; T J Carew; E R Kandel Effects of interstimulus interval and contingency on classical conditioning of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1986;6(6):1695-701.

S G Rayport; E R Kandel Development of plastic mechanisms related to learning at identified chemical synaptic connections in Aplysia. Neuroscience 1986;17(2):283-94.

R Kretz; E Shapiro; E R Kandel Presynaptic inhibition produced by an identified presynaptic inhibitory neuron. I. Physiological mechanisms. Journal of neurophysiology 1986;55(1):113-30.

V F Castellucci; W N Frost; P Goelet; P G Montarolo; S Schacher; J A Morgan; H Blumenfeld; E R Kandel Cell and molecular analysis of long-term sensitization in Aplysia. Journal de physiologie 1986;81(4):349-57.

V F Castellucci; S Schacher; P G Montarolo; S Mackey; D L Glanzman; R D Hawkins; T W Abrams; P Goelet; E R Kandel Convergence of small molecule and peptide transmitters on a common molecule cascade. Progress in brain research 1986;68():83-102.

M J Shuster; J S Camardo; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel Modulation of the ’S’ K+ channel by cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in cell-free membrane patches. Progress in brain research 1986;69():119-32.

R Kretz; E Shapiro; C H Bailey; M Chen; E R Kandel Presynaptic inhibition produced by an identified presynaptic inhibitory neuron. II. Presynaptic conductance changes caused by histamine. Journal of neurophysiology 1986;55(1):131-46.

W N Frost; V F Castellucci; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Monosynaptic connections made by the sensory neurons of the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia participate in the storage of long-term memory for sensitization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1985;82(23):8266-9.

M J Shuster; J S Camardo; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase closes the serotonin-sensitive K+ channels of Aplysia sensory neurones in cell-free membrane patches. Nature 1985;313(6001):392-5.

H B Kistler; R D Hawkins; J Koester; H W Steinbusch; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and processes in the abdominal ganglion of mature Aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1985;5(1):72-80.

M B Boyle; M Klein; S J Smith; E R Kandel Serotonin increases intracellular Ca2+ transients in voltage-clamped sensory neurons of Aplysia californica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1984;81(23):7642-6.

T W Abrams; V F Castellucci; J S Camardo; E R Kandel; P E Lloyd Two endogenous neuropeptides modulate the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia by presynaptic facilitation involving cAMP-dependent closure of a serotonin-sensitive potassium channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1984;81(24):7956-60.

R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Is there a cell-biological alphabet for simple forms of learning? Psychological review 1984;91(3):375-91.

T J Carew; R D Hawkins; T W Abrams; E R Kandel A test of Hebb’s postulate at identified synapses which mediate classical conditioning in Aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1984;4(5):1217-24.

G A Clark; E R Kandel Branch-specific heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia siphon sensory cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1984;81(8):2577-81.

E T Walters; J H Byrne; T J Carew; E R Kandel Mechanoafferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia. II. Modulation by sensitizing stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology 1983;50(6):1543-59.

E T Walters; J H Byrne; T J Carew; E R Kandel Mechanoafferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia. I. Response properties and synaptic connections. Journal of neurophysiology 1983;50(6):1522-42.

L B McAllister; R H Scheller; E R Kandel; R Axel In situ hybridization to study the origin and fate of identified neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1983;222(4625):800-8.

E R Kandel From metapsychology to molecular biology: explorations into the nature of anxiety. The American journal of psychiatry 1983;140(10):1277-93.

T J Carew; R D Hawkins; E R Kandel Differential classical conditioning of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1983;219(4583):397-400.

R D Hawkins; T W Abrams; T J Carew; E R Kandel A cellular mechanism of classical conditioning in Aplysia: activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1983;219(4583):400-5.

E R Kandel; T Abrams; L Bernier; T J Carew; R D Hawkins; J H Schwartz Classical conditioning and sensitization share aspects of the same molecular cascade in Aplysia. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1983;48 Pt 2():821-30.

J H Schwartz; L Bernier; V F Castellucci; M Palazzolo; T Saitoh; A Stapleton; E R Kandel What molecular steps determine the time course of the memory for short-term sensitization in Aplysia? Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1983;48 Pt 2():811-9.

J S Camardo; M J Shuster; S A Siegelbaum; E R Kandel Modulation of a specific potassium channel in sensory neurons of Aplysia by serotonin and cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1983;48 Pt 1():213-20.

E R Kandel Neurobiology and molecular biology: the second encounter. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1983;48 Pt 2():891-908.

L Bernier; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Facilitatory transmitter causes a selective and prolonged increase in adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate in sensory neurons mediating the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1982;2(12):1682-91.

V F Castellucci; A Nairn; P Greengard; J H Schwartz; E R Kandel Inhibitor of adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase blocks presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1982;2(12):1673-81.

E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Molecular biology of learning: modulation of transmitter release. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1982;218(4571):433-43.

S A Siegelbaum; J S Camardo; E R Kandel Serotonin and cyclic AMP close single K+ channels in Aplysia sensory neurones. Nature 1982;299(5882):413-7.

M Klein; J Camardo; E R Kandel Serotonin modulates a specific potassium current in the sensory neurons that show presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1982;79(18):5713-7.

R Kretz; E Shapiro; E R Kandel Post-tetanic potentiation at an identified synapse in Aplysia is correlated with a Ca2+-activated K+ current in the presynaptic neuron: evidence for Ca2+ accumulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1982;79(17):5430-4.

R H Scheller; J F Jackson; L B McAllister; J H Schwartz; E R Kandel; R Axel A family of genes that codes for ELH, a neuropeptide eliciting a stereotyped pattern of behavior in Aplysia. Cell 1982;28(4):707-19.

T J Carew; E T Walters; E R Kandel Classical conditioning in a simple withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1981;1(12):1426-37.

E R Kandel Calcium and the control of synaptic strength by learning. Nature 1981;293(5835):697-700.

H Ohmori; S G Rayport; E R Kandel Emergence of posttetanic potentiation as a distinct phase in the differentiation of an identified synapse in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1981;213(4511):1016-8.

S G Rayport; E R Kandel Epileptogenic agents enhance transmission at an identified weak electrical synapse in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1981;213(4506):462-3.

R D Hawkins; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. I. Identification and characterization. Journal of neurophysiology 1981;45(2):304-14.

R D Hawkins; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. II. Identified neurons produce heterosynaptic facilitation contributing to behavioral sensitization. Journal of neurophysiology 1981;45(2):315-28.

C H Bailey; R D Hawkins; M C Chen; E R Kandel Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. IV. Morphological basis of presynaptic facilitation. Journal of neurophysiology 1981;45(2):340-60.

T J Carew; E T Walters; E R Kandel Associative learning in Aplysia: cellular correlates supporting a conditioned fear hypothesis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1981;211(4481):501-4.

E T Walters; T J Carew; E R Kandel Associative Learning in Aplysia: evidence for conditioned fear in an invertebrate. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1981;211(4481):504-6.

V F Castellucci; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz; F D Wilson; A C Nairn; P Greengard Intracellular injection of t he catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase simulates facilitation of transmitter release underlying behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1980;77(12):7492-6.

M Klein; E Shapiro; E R Kandel Synaptic plasticity and the modulation of the Ca2+ current. The Journal of experimental biology 1980;89():117-57.

M Klein; E R Kandel Mechanism of calcium current modulation underlying presynaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1980;77(11):6912-6.

S G Rayport; E R Kandel Developmental modulation of an identified electrical synapse: functional uncoupling. Journal of neurophysiology 1980;44(3):555-67.

E Shapiro; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Presynaptic inhibition in Aplysia involves a decrease in the Ca2+ current of the presynaptic neuron. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1980;77(2):1185-9.

E R Kandel; A Kriegstein; S Schacher Development of the central nervous system of Aplysia in terms of the differentiation of its specific identifiable cells. Neuroscience 1980;5(12):2033-63.

E Shapiro; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Presynaptic membrane potential affects transmitter release in an identified neuron in Aplysia by modulating the Ca2+ and K+ currents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1980;77(1):629-33.

W A Hening; E T Walters; T J Carew; E R Kandel Motorneuronal control of locomotion in Aplysia. Brain research 1979;179(2):231-53.

E T Walters; T J Carew; E R Kandel Classical conditioning in Aplysia californica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1979;76(12):6675-9.

E R Kandel Psychotherapy and the single synapse. The impact of psychiatric thought on neurobiologic research. The New England journal of medicine 1979;301(19):1028-37.

E R Kandel Small systems of neurons. Scientific American 1979;241(3):66-76.

C H Bailey; E B Thompson; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Ultrastructure of the synapses of sensory neurons that mediate the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Journal of neurocytology 1979;8(4):415-44.

T Carew; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Sensitization in Aplysia: restoration of transmission in synapses inactivated by long-term habituation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1979;205(4404):417-9.

S Schacher; E R Kandel; R Woolley Development of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. II. Nonneural support cells. Developmental biology 1979;71(1):176-90.

S Schacher; E R Kandel; R Woolley Development of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. I. Axosomatic synaptic contacts. Developmental biology 1979;71(1):163-75.

C H Bailey; V F Castellucci; J Koester; E R Kandel Cellular studies of peripheral neurons in siphon skin of Aplysia californica. Journal of neurophysiology 1979;42(2):530-57.

T J Carew; V F Castellucci; J H Byrne; E R Kandel Quantitative analysis of relative contribution of central and peripheral neurons to gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. Journal of neurophysiology 1979;42(2):497-509.

E R Kandel Cellular insights into behavior and learning. Harvey lectures 1979;73():19-92.

V F Castellucci; T J Carew; E R Kandel Cellular analysis of long-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1978;202(4374):1306-8.

M Klein; E R Kandel Presynaptic modulation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ current: mechanism for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia californica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1978;75(7):3512-6.

J H Byrne; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Contribution of individual mechanoreceptor sensory neurons to defensive gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1978;41(2):418-31.

J H Byrne; V F Castellucci; T J Carew; E R Kandel Stimulus-response relations and stability of mechanoreceptor and motor neurons mediating defensive gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1978;41(2):402-17.

E P Gardner; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Obituary: W Alden Spencer. Neuroscience 1978;3(9):771-2.

T J Carew; E R Kandel Inking in Aplysia californica. II. Central program for inking. Journal of neurophysiology 1977;40(3):708-20.

T J Carew; E R Kandel Inking in Aplysia californica. I. Neural circuit of an all-or-none behavioral response. Journal of neurophysiology 1977;40(3):692-707.

T J Carew; E R Kandel Inking in Aplysia californica. III. Two different synaptic conductance mechanisms for triggering central program for inking. Journal of neurophysiology 1977;40(3):721-34.

H M Pinsker; E R Kandel Short-term modulation of endogenous bursting rhythms by monosynaptic inhibition in Aplysia neurons: effects of contingent stimulation. Brain research 1977;125(1):51-64.

D Gardner; E R Kandel Physiological and kinetic properties of cholinergic receptors activated by multiaction interneurons in buccal ganglia of Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1977;40(2):333-48.

J Koester; E R Kandel Further identification of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia using behavioral criteria. Brain research 1977;121(1):1-20.

M Brunelli; V Castellucci; E R Kandel Synaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia: possible role of serotonin and cyclic AMP. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1976;194(4270):1178-81.

V Castellucci; E R Kandel Presynaptic facilitation as a mechanism for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1976;194(4270):1176-8.

E B Thompson; J H Schwartz; E R Kandel A radioautographic analysis in the light and electron microscope of identified Aplysia neurons and their processes after intrasomatic injection of L-(3H)fucose. Brain research 1976;112(2):251-81.

W Winlow; E R Kandel The morphology of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. Brain research 1976;112(2):221-49.

T J Carew; E R Kandel Two functional effects of decreased conductance EPSP’s: synaptic augmentation and increased electrotonic coupling. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1976;192(4235):150-3.

E R Kandel; M Brunelli; J Byrne; V Castellucci A common presynaptic locus for the synaptic changes underlying short-term habituation and sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1976;40():465-82.

V F Castellucci; E R Kandel A quantal analysis of the synaptic depression underlying habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1974;71(12):5004-8.

A R Kriegstein; V Castellucci; E R Kandel Metamorphosis of Aplysia californica in laboratory culture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1974;71(9):3654-8.

J Byrne; V Castellucci; E R Kandel Receptive fields and response properties of mechanoreceptor neurons innervating siphon skin and mantle shelf in Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1974;37(5):1041-64.

T J Carew; H Pinsker; K Rubinson; E R Kandel Physiological and biochemical properties of neuromuscular transmission between identified motoneurons and gill muscle in Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1974;37(5):1020-40.

I Kupfermann; T J Carew; E R Kandel Local, reflex, and central commands controlling gill and siphon movements in Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1974;37(5):996-1019.

J Koester; E Mayeri; G Liebeswar; E R Kandel Neural control of circulation in Aplysia. II. Interneurons. Journal of neurophysiology 1974;37(3):476-96.

E Mayeri; J Koester; I Kupfermann; G Liebeswar; E R Kandel Neural control of circulation in Aplysia. I. Motoneurons. Journal of neurophysiology 1974;37(3):458-75.

T J Carew; E R Kandel Acquisition and retention of long-term habituation in Aplysia: correlation of behavioral and cellular processes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1973;182(117):1158-60.

H M Pinsker; W A Hening; T J Carew; E R Kandel Long-term sensitization of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1973;182(116):1039-42.

J Koester; E Mayeri; G Liebeswar; E R Kandel Cellular regulation of homeostasis: neuronal control of the circulation in Aplysia. Federation proceedings 1973;32(12):2179-87.

M Eisenstadt; J E Goldman; E R Kandel; H Koike; J Koester; J H Schwartz Intrasomatic injection of radioactive precursors for studying transmitter synthesis in identified neurons of Aplysia californica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1973;70(12):3371-5.

H Cedar; E R Kandel; J H Schwartz Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. I. Increased synthesis in response to synaptic stimulation. The Journal of general physiology 1972;60(5):558-69.

E R Kandel; D Gardner The synaptic actions mediated by the different branches of a single neuron. Research publications – Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease 1972;50():91-146.

I Kupfermann; H Pinsker; V Castellucci; E R Kandel Central and peripheral control of gill movements in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1971;174(15):1252-6.

J H Schwartz; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel Functioning of identified neurons and synapses in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia in absence of protein synthesis. Journal of neurophysiology 1971;34(6):939-53.

T J Carew; V F Castellucci; E R Kandel An analysis of dishabituation and sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. The International journal of neuroscience 1971;2(2):79-98.

H Wachtel; E R Kandel Conversion of synaptic excitation to inhibition at a dual chemical synapse. Journal of neurophysiology 1971;34(1):56-68.

J E Blankenship; H Wachtel; E R Kandel Ionic mechanisms of excitatory, inhibitory, and dual synaptic actions mediated by an identified interneuron in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1971;34(1):76-92.

I Kupfermann; E R Kandel Electrophysiological properties and functional interconnections of two symmetrical neurosecretory clusters (bag cells) in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1970;33(6):865-76.

E R Kandel Nerve cells and behavior. Scientific American 1970;223(1):57-67 passim.

V Castellucci; H Pinsker; I Kupfermann; E R Kandel Neuronal mechanisms of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1970;167(926):1745-8.

I Kupfermann; V Castellucci; H Pinsker; E Kandel Neuronal correlates of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1970;167(926):1743-5.

H Pinsker; I Kupfermann; V Castellucci; E Kandel Habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1970;167(926):1740-2.

H Pinsker; E R Kandel; V Castellucci; I Kupfermann An analysis of habituation and dishabituation in Aplysia. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology 1970;2():351-73.

E R Kandel; I Kupfermann The functional organization of invertebrate ganglia. Annual review of physiology 1970;32():193-258.

R Waziri; E R Kandel Organization of inhibition in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. 3. Interneurons mediating inhibition. Journal of neurophysiology 1969;32(4):520-39.

R Waziri; E R Kandel; W T Frazier Organization of inhibition in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. II. Posttetanic potentiation, heterosynaptic depression, and increments in frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Journal of neurophysiology 1969;32(4):509-19.

E R Kandel; W T Frazier; H Wachtel Organization of inhibition in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. I. Role of inhibition and disinhibition in transforming neural activity. Journal of neurophysiology 1969;32(4):496-508.

I Kupfermann; E R Kandel Neuronal controls of a behavioral response mediated by the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1969;164(881):847-50.

H Pinsker; E R Kandel Synaptic activation of an electrogenic sodium pump. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1969;163(870):931-5.

E R Kandel The organization of subpopulations in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. UCLA forum in medical sciences 1969;11():71-111.

W A Spencer; E R Kandel Cellular and integrative properties of the hippocampal pyramidal cell and the comparative electrophysiology of cortical neurons. International journal of neurology 1968;6(3-4):266-96.

E R Kandel; W A Spencer Cellular neurophysiological approaches in the study of learning. Physiological reviews 1968;48(1):65-134.

H Wachtel; E R Kandel A direct synaptic connection mediating both excitation and inhibition. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1967;158(805):1206-8.

E R Kandel; W T Frazier; R Waziri; R E Coggeshall Direct and common connections among identified neurons in Aplysia. Journal of neurophysiology 1967;30(6):1352-76.

E R Kandel; W T Frazier; R E Coggeshall Opposite synaptic actions mediated by different branches of an identifiable interneuron in Aplysia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1967;155(760):346-9.

E R Kandel; L Tauc Anomalous rectification in the metacerebral giant cells and its consequences for synaptic transmission. The Journal of physiology 1966;183(2):287-304.

E R Kandel; L Tauc Input organization of two symmetrical giant cells in the snail brain. The Journal of physiology 1966;183(2):269-86.

E R Kandel; L Tauc Mechanism of heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans. The Journal of physiology 1965;181(1):28-47.

E R Kandel; L Tauc Heterosynaptic facilitation in neurones of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans. The Journal of physiology 1965;181(1):1-27.

L TAUC; E R KANDEL AN ANOMALOUS FORM OF RECTIFICATION IN A MOLLUSCAN CENTRAL NEURONE. Nature 1964;202():1339-41.

L TAUC; E R KANDEL [HETEROSYNAPTIC TRANSFER OF FACILITATION]. Journal de physiologie 1964;56():446.

E R KANDEL; L TAUC MECHANISM OF PROLONGED HETEROSYNAPTIC FACILITATION. Nature 1964;202():145-7.

E R KANDEL ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS. The Journal of general physiology 1964;47():691-717.

E R KANDEL; L TAUC [Prolonged increase in the efficiency of an efferent pathway of an isolated ganglion after the coupled activation of a more effective tract]. Journal de physiologie 1963;55():271-2.

E R KANDEL; L TAUC [Prolonged increase in the efficiency of an efferent pathway of an isolated ganglion after the coupled activation of a more effective tract]. Journal de physiologie 1963;55():271-2.

E R KANDEL; W A SPENCER Electrophysiological properties of an archicortical neuron. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1961;94():570-603.

E R KANDEL; W A SPENCER Excitation and inhibition of single pyramidal cells during hippocampal seizure. Experimental neurology 1961;4():162-79.

E R KANDEL; W A SPENCER Electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. II. After-potentials and repetitive firing. Journal of neurophysiology 1961;24():243-59.

E R KANDEL; W A SPENCER; F J BRINLEY Electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. I. Sequential invasion and synaptic organization. Journal of neurophysiology 1961;24():225-42.

E R KANDEL; W A SPENCER The pyramidal cell during hippocampal seizure. Epilepsia 1961;2():63-9.

F J BRINLEY; E R KANDEL; W H MARSHALL Potassium outflux from rabbit cortex during spreading depression. Journal of neurophysiology 1960;23():246-56.

F J BRINLEY; E R KANDEL; W H MARSHALL Effect of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) on K42 outflux from rabbit cortex. Journal of neurophysiology 1960;23():237-45.

E R KANDEL; W A SPENCER; F J BRINLEY Transient and long-lasting electrical responses to direct hippocampal stimulation. The American journal of physiology 1960;198():687-92.



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  • Postings

    University Professor and Senior Investigator
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute