Paul Berg

Paul Berg is an American Biochemist. Berg was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 for his fundamental studies on the biochemistry of Nucleic acids. He shared the award with Walter Gilbert and Fredrick Sanger.

In 1956, Berg identified transfer RNA (t RNA) which connects the amino acids to the correct protein chain during synthesis at the ribosome inside a cell. Paul Berg is famous as a pioneer in modern genetic engineering. In 1972 he used the gene splicing techniques to create a recombinant DNA. Berg warned about the dangers of experimenting with recombinant DNA in the “Berg Letter”. This led to creation of work guidelines by the National institute of Health in 1976.

Paul Berg was presented with the National Medal of Science by Ronald Reagan in 1983. He also received the National Library of Science Gold Medal in 1986.

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Paul Berg
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1959  Eli Lilly Award in Biochemistry

1963  California Scientist of the Year

1969, 1972  Henry J. Kaiser Award for Excellence in Teaching at Stanford University School of Medicine

Distinguished Alumnus Award, Pennsylvania State University

V.D. Mattia Prize of the Roche Institute for Molecular Biology

1979  Sarasota Medical Awards for Achievement and Excellence

1980  Annual Award of the Gairdner Foundation

1980  Nobel Award in Chemistry

1980  Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award

1980  New York Academy of Sciences Award

1982  American Association for the Advancement of Science Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award

1983  National Medal of Science

1986  National Library of Medicine Medal

Special Achievement Award, Odyssey Biomedical Corporation

1. Berg Paul. Meetings that changed the world: Asilomar. DNA modification secured. Nature 2008;455(7211):290-1.

2. Berg Paul. Moments of discovery. Annual review of biochemistry 2008;77():15-44.

3. Berg Paul; Lehman I R. Retrospective: Arthur Kornberg (1918-2007). Science (New York, N.Y.) 2007;318(5856):1564.

4. Berg Paul. Origins of the human genome project: why sequence the human genome when 96% of it is junk? American journal of human genetics 2006;79(4):603-5.

5. Saxonov Serge; Berg Paul; Brutlag Douglas L. A genome-wide analysis of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome distinguishes two distinct classes of promoters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006;103(5):1412-7.

6. Berg Paul. Reflections on the Lasker prize for basic biomedical research. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2005;294(11):1419-20.

7. Horowitz Norman H; Berg Paul; Singer Maxine; Lederberg Joshua; Susman Millard; Doebley John; Crow James F. A centennial: George W. Beadle, 1903-1989. Genetics 2004;166(1):1-10.

8. Berg Paul. Moments of discovery: my favorite experiments. The Journal of biological chemistry 2003;278(42):40417-24.

9. Berg P. Reflections on Asilomar 2 at Asilomar 3. Twenty-five years later. Perspectives in biology and medicine 2001;44(2):183-5.

10. Namsaraev E A; Berg P. Rad51 uses one mechanism to drive DNA strand exchange in both directions. The Journal of biological chemistry 2000;275(6):3970-6.

11. Berg P; Singer M. Inspired choices. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1998;282(5390):873-4.

12. Berg P; Singer M. Regulating human cloning. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1998;282(5388):413.

13. Namsaraev E A; Berg P. Branch migration during Rad51-promoted strand exchange proceeds in either direction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998;95(18):10477-81.

14. Namsaraev E A; Berg P. Interaction of Rad51 with ATP and Mg2+ induces a conformational change in Rad51. Biochemistry 1998;37(34):11932-9.

15. Hays S L; Firmenich A A; Massey P; Banerjee R; Berg P. Studies of the interaction between Rad52 protein and the yeast single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA. Molecular and cellular biology 1998;18(7):4400-6.

16. Donoho G; Jasin M; Berg P. Analysis of gene targeting and intrachromosomal homologous recombination stimulated by genomic double-strand breaks in mouse embryonic stem cells. Molecular and cellular biology 1998;18(7):4070-8.

17. Namsaraev E A; Berg P. Binding of Rad51p to DNA. Interaction of Rad51p with single- and double-stranded DNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 1998;273(11):6177-82.

18. Namsaraev E; Berg P. Characterization of strand exchange activity of yeast Rad51 protein. Molecular and cellular biology 1997;17(9):5359-68.

19. Elias-Arnanz M; Firmenich A A; Berg P. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective in plasmid-chromosome recombination. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 1996;252(5):530-8.

20. Smith B L; Krushelnycky B W; Mochly-Rosen D; Berg P. The HIV nef protein associates with protein kinase C theta. The Journal of biological chemistry 1996;271(28):16753-7.

21. Berg Paul; Singer Maxine. The recombinant DNA controversy: twenty years later. Bio/technology (Nature Publishing Company) 1995;13(10):1132-4.

22. Berg P; Singer M F. The recombinant DNA controversy: twenty years later. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995;92(20):9011-3.

23. Hays S L; Firmenich A A; Berg P. Complex formation in yeast double-strand break repair: participation of Rad51, Rad52, Rad55, and Rad57 proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995;92(15):6925-9.

24. Zieler H A; Walberg M; Berg P. Suppression of mutations in two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes by the adenovirus E1A protein. Molecular and cellular biology 1995;15(6):3227-37.

25. Firmenich A A; Elias-Arnanz M; Berg P. A novel allele of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RFA1 that is deficient in recombination and repair and suppressible by RAD52. Molecular and cellular biology 1995;15(3):1620-31.

26. Gassmann M; Donoho G; Berg P. Maintenance of an extrachromosomal plasmid vector in mouse embryonic stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995;92(5):1292-6.

27. Berg P. Co-chairman’s remarks: reverse genetics: directed modification of DNA for functional analysis. Gene 1993;135(1-2):261-4.

28. Jessberger R; Podust V; Hübscher U; Berg P. A mammalian protein complex that repairs double-strand breaks and deletions by recombination. The Journal of biological chemistry 1993;268(20):15070-9.

29. Pontius B W; Berg P. Rapid assembly and disassembly of complementary DNA strands through an equilibrium intermediate state mediated by A1 hnRNP protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 1992;267(20):13815-8.

30. Stuhlmann H; Berg P. Homologous recombination of copackaged retrovirus RNAs during reverse transcription. Journal of virology 1992;66(4):2378-88.

31. Okayama H; Berg P. A cDNA cloning vector that permits expression of cDNA inserts in mammalian cells. 1983. Biotechnology (Reading, Mass.) 1992;24():270-9.

32. Okayama H; Berg P. High-efficiency cloning of full-length cDNA. 1982. Biotechnology (Reading, Mass.) 1992;24():210-9.

33. Jackson D A; Symons R H; Berg P. Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of simian virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. 1972. Biotechnology (Reading, Mass.) 1992;24():11-6.

34. Pontius B W; Berg P. Rapid renaturation of complementary DNA strands mediated by cationic detergents: a role for high-probability binding domains in enhancing the kinetics of molecular assembly processes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991;88(18):8237-41.

35. Luria S; Chambers I; Berg P. Expression of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Nef protein in T cells prevents antigen receptor-mediated induction of interleukin 2 mRNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991;88(12):5326-30.

36. Berg P. Reverse genetics: its origins & prospects. Bio/technology (Nature Publishing Company) 1991;9(4):342-4.

37. Berg P. The human genome initiative. All our collective ingenuity will be needed. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1991;5(1):75.

38. Jessberger R; Berg P. Repair of deletions and double-strand gaps by homologous recombination in a mammalian in vitro system. Molecular and cellular biology 1991;11(1):445-57.

39. Stuhlmann H; Dieckmann M; Berg P. Transduction of cellular neo mRNA by retrovirus-mediated recombination. Journal of virology 1990;64(12):5783-96.

40. Pontius B W; Berg P. Renaturation of complementary DNA strands mediated by purified mammalian heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 protein: implications for a mechanism for rapid molecular assembly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990;87(21):8403-7.

41. Jasin M; Elledge S J; Davis R W; Berg P. Gene targeting at the human CD4 locus by epitope addition. Genes & development 1990;4(2):157-66.

42. Jasin M; Berg P. Homologous integration in mammalian cells without target gene selection. Genes & development 1988;2(11):1353-63.

43. Buchman A R; Berg P. Comparison of intron-dependent and intron-independent gene expression. Molecular and cellular biology 1988;8(10):4395-405.

44. Reichardt J K; Berg P. Conservation of short patches of amino acid sequence amongst proteins with a common function but evolutionarily distinct origins: implications for cloning genes and for structure-function analysis. Nucleic acids research 1988;16(18):9017-26.

45. Margolskee R F; Kavathas P; Berg P. Epstein-Barr virus shuttle vector for stable episomal replication of cDNA expression libraries in human cells. Molecular and cellular biology 1988;8(7):2837-47.

46. Reichardt J K; Berg P. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding human galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. Molecular biology & medicine 1988;5(2):107-22.

47. Chu G; Berg P. DNA cross-linked by cisplatin: a new probe for the DNA repair defect in xeroderma pigmentosum. Molecular biology & medicine 1987;4(5):277-90.

48. McPhaul M; Berg P. Identification and characterization of cDNA clones encoding two homologous proteins that are part of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Molecular and cellular biology 1987;7(5):1841-7.

49. Chu G; Hayakawa H; Berg P. Electroporation for the efficient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA. Nucleic acids research 1987;15(3):1311-26.

50. McPhaul M; Berg P. Formation of functional asialoglycoprotein receptor after transfection with cDNAs encoding the receptor proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986;83(23):8863-7.

51. Thelander L; Berg P. Isolation and characterization of expressible cDNA clones encoding the M1 and M2 subunits of mouse ribonucleotide reductase. Molecular and cellular biology 1986;6(10):3433-42.

52. Peabody D S; Subramani S; Berg P. Effect of upstream reading frames on translation efficiency in simian virus 40 recombinants. Molecular and cellular biology 1986;6(7):2704-11.

53. Peabody D S; Berg P. Termination-reinitiation occurs in the translation of mammalian cell mRNAs. Molecular and cellular biology 1986;6(7):2695-703.

54. Kadesch T; Berg P. Effects of the position of the simian virus 40 enhancer on expression of multiple transcription units in a single plasmid. Molecular and cellular biology 1986;6(7):2593-601.

55. Canaani D; Naiman T; Teitz T; Berg P. Immortalization of xeroderma pigmentosum cells by simian virus 40 DNA having a defective origin of DNA replication. Somatic cell and molecular genetics 1986;12(1):13-20.

56. Dennis E; Berg P. Transcription from a plant gene promoter in animal cells. Nucleic acids research 1985;13(22):7945-57.

57. Barsoum J; Berg P. Simian virus 40 minichromosomes contain torsionally strained DNA molecules. Molecular and cellular biology 1985;5(11):3048-57.

58. Okayama H; Berg P. Bacteriophage lambda vector for transducing a cDNA clone library into mammalian cells. Molecular and cellular biology 1985;5(5):1136-42.

59. Chu G; Berg P. Rapid assay for detection of Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in transduced cells. Nucleic acids research 1985;13(8):2921-30.

60. Naumovski L; Chu G; Berg P; Friedberg E C. RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nucleotide sequence of wild-type and mutant alleles, transcript mapping, and aspects of gene regulation. Molecular and cellular biology 1985;5(1):17-26.

61. Buchman A R; Berg P. Unusual regulation of simian virus 40 early-region transcription in genomes containing two origins of DNA replication. Molecular and cellular biology 1984;4(9):1915-28.

62. Buchman A R; Fromm M; Berg P. Complex regulation of simian virus 40 early-region transcription from different overlapping promoters. Molecular and cellular biology 1984;4(9):1900-14.

63. Chin D J; Gil G; Russell D W; Liscum L; Luskey K L; Basu S K; Okayama H; Berg P; Goldstein J L; Brown M S. Nucleotide sequence of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a glycoprotein of endoplasmic reticulum. Nature 1984;308(5960):613-7.

64. Smith A J; Berg P. Homologous recombination between defective neo genes in mouse 3T6 cells. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1984;49():171-81.

65. Fromm M; Berg P. Simian virus 40 early- and late-region promoter functions are enhanced by the 72-base-pair repeat inserted at distant locations and inverted orientations. Molecular and cellular biology 1983;3(6):991-9.

66. Subramani S; Berg P. Homologous and nonhomologous recombination in monkey cells. Molecular and cellular biology 1983;3(6):1040-52.

67. Oi V T; Morrison S L; Herzenberg L A; Berg P. Immunoglobulin gene expression in transformed lymphoid cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1983;80(3):825-9.

68. Okayama H; Berg P. A cDNA cloning vector that permits expression of cDNA inserts in mammalian cells. Molecular and cellular biology 1983;3(2):280-9.

69. Jolly D J; Okayama H; Berg P; Esty A C; Filpula D; Bohlen P; Johnson G G; Shively J E; Hunkapillar T; Friedmann T. Isolation and characterization of a full-length expressible cDNA for human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1983;80(2):477-81.

70. Fromm M; Berg P. Transcription in vivo from SV40 early promoter deletion mutants without repression by large T antigen. Journal of molecular and applied genetics 1983;2(1):127-35.

71. Canaani D; Berg P. Regulated expression of human interferon beta 1 gene after transduction into cultured mouse and rabbit cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1982;79(17):5166-70.

72. White R T; Berg P; Villarreal L P. Simian virus 40-rabbit beta-globin recombinants lacking late mRNA splice sites express cytoplasmic RNAs with altered structures. Journal of virology 1982;42(1):262-74.

73. Okayama H; Berg P. High-efficiency cloning of full-length cDNA. Molecular and cellular biology 1982;2(2):161-70.

74. Fromm M; Berg P. Deletion mapping of DNA regions required for SV40 early region promoter function in vivo. Journal of molecular and applied genetics 1982;1(5):457-81.

75. Southern P J; Berg P. Transformation of mammalian cells to antibiotic resistance with a bacterial gene under control of the SV40 early region promoter. Journal of molecular and applied genetics 1982;1(4):327-41.

76. Lee F; Mulligan R; Berg P; Ringold G. Glucocorticoids regulate expression of dihydrofolate reductase cDNA in mouse mammary tumour virus chimaeric plasmids. Nature 1981;294(5838):228-32.

77. Subramani S; Mulligan R; Berg P. Expression of the mouse dihydrofolate reductase complementary deoxyribonucleic acid in simian virus 40 vectors. Molecular and cellular biology 1981;1(9):854-64.

78. Berg P. Dissections and reconstructions of genes and chromosomes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1981;213(4505):296-303.

79. Mulligan R C; Berg P. Factors governing the expression of a bacterial gene in mammalian cells. Molecular and cellular biology 1981;1(5):449-59.

80. Mulligan R C; Berg P. Selection for animal cells that express the Escherichia coli gene coding for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1981;78(4):2072-6.

81. Berg P. Dissections and reconstructions of genes and chromosomes. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1980. Bioscience reports 1981;1(4):269-87.

82. Southern P J; Howard B H; Berg P. Construction and characterization of SV40 recombinants with beta-globin cDNA substitutions in their early regions. Journal of molecular and applied genetics 1981;1(3):177-90.

83. Fraley R; Subramani S; Berg P; Papahadjopoulos D. Introduction of liposome-encapsulated SV40 DNA into cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 1980;255(21):10431-5.

84. Mulligan R C; Berg P. Expression of a bacterial gene in mammalian cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1980;209(4463):1422-7.

85. Mark D F; Berg P. A third splice site in SV40 early mRNA. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1980;44 Pt 1,():55-62.

86. Magnusson G; Berg P. Construction and analysis of viable deletion mutants of polyoma virus. Journal of virology 1979;32(2):523-9.

87. Berg P. The physical and genetic organization of a viral genome. CRC critical reviews in biochemistry 1979;7(1):75-82.

88. Goff S P; Berg P. Construction, propagation and expression of simian virus 40 recombinant genomes containing the Escherichia coli gene for thymidine kinase and a Saccharomyces cerevisae gene for tyrosine transfer RNA. Journal of molecular biology 1979;133(3):359-83.

89. Van Heuverswyn H; Cole C; Berg P; Fiers W. Nucleotide sequence analysis of two simian virus 40 mutants with deletions in the region coding for the carboxyl terminus of the T antigen. Journal of virology 1979;30(3):936-41.

90. Cole C N; Crawford L V; Berg P. Simian virus 40 mutants with deletions at the 3’ end of the early region are defective in adenovirus helper function. Journal of virology 1979;30(3):683-91.

91. Volckaert G; Feunteun J; Crawford L V; Berg P; Fiers W. Nucleotide sequence deletions within the coding region for small-t antigen of simian virus 40. Journal of virology 1979;30(3):674-82.

92. Contreras R; Cole C; Berg P; Fiers W. Nucleotide sequence analysis of two simian virus 40 mutants with deletions in the late region of the genome. Journal of virology 1979;29(2):789-93.

93. Mulligan R C; Howard B H; Berg P. Synthesis of rabbit beta-globin in cultured monkey kidney cells following infection with a SV40 beta-globin recombinant genome. Nature 1979;277(5692):108-14.

94. Villarreal L P; White R T; Berg P. Mutational alterations within the simian virus 40 leader segment generate altered 16S and 19S mRNA’s. Journal of virology 1979;29(1):209-19.

95. Rigby P W; Berg P. Does simian virus 40 DNA integrate into cellular DNA during productive infection? Journal of virology 1978;28(2):475-89.

96. Bouck N; Beales N; Shenk T; Berg P; di Mayorca G. New region of the simian virus 40 genome required for efficient viral transformation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1978;75(5):2473-7.

97. Goff S P; Berg P. Excision of DNA segments introduced into cloning vectors by the poly(dA-dT) joining method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1978;75(4):1763-7.

98. Crawford L V; Cole C N; Smith A E; Paucha E; Tegtmeyer P; Rundell K; Berg P. Organization and expression of early genes of simian virus 40. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1978;75(1):117-21.

99. Goff S P; Berg P. Structure and formation of circular dimers of simian virus 40 DNA. Journal of virology 1977;24(1):295-302.

100. Cole C N; Landers T; Goff S P; Manteuil-Brutlag S; Berg P. Physical and genetic characterization of deletion mutants of simian virus 40 constructed in vitro. Journal of virology 1977;24(1):277-94.

101. Rigby P W; Dieckmann M; Rhodes C; Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. Journal of molecular biology 1977;113(1):237-51.

102. Villarreal L P; Berg P. Hybridization in situ of SV40 plaques: detection of recombinant SV40 virus carrying specific sequences of nonviral DNA. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1977;196(4286):183-5.

103. Christiansen G; Landers T; Griffith J; Berg P. Characterization of components released by alkali disruption of simian virus 40. Journal of virology 1977;21(3):1079-84.

104. Berg Paul. Genetic engineering: challenge and responsibility. Ambio 1977;6(5):253-60.

105. Berg P; Singer M. Seeking wisdom in recombinant DNA research. Federation proceedings 1976;35(14):2542-3.

106. Goff S P; Berg P. Construction of hybrid viruses containing SV40 and lambda phage DNA segments and their propagation in cultured monkey cells. Cell 1976;9(4 PT 2):695-705.

107. Wilson J H; DePamphilis M; Berg P. Simian virus 40-permissive cell interactions: selection and characterization of spontaneously arising monkey cells that are resistant to simian virus 40 infection. Journal of virology 1976;20(2):391-9.

108. Singer Maxine; Berg Paul. Recombinant DNA: NIH Guidelines. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1976;193(4249):186-8.

109. Hirsh J; Berg P. Electron microscopy of gene regulation: the L-arabinose operon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1976;73(5):1518-22.

110. Shenk T E; Berg P. Isolation and propagation of a segment of the simian virus 40 genome containing the origin of DNA replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1976;73(5):1513-7.

111. Shishido K; Berg P. Restriction endonuclease from Haemophilus gallinarum (HgaI) cleaves polyoma DNA at four locations. Journal of virology 1976;18(2):793-8.

112. Shenk T E; Carbon J; Berg P. Construction and analysis of viable deletion mutants of simian virus 40. Journal of virology 1976;18(2):664-71.

113. Carbon J; Shenk T E; Berg P. Construction in vitro of mutants of simian virus 40: insertion of a poly(dA-dT) segment at the Hemophilus parainfluenza II restriction endonuclease cleavage site. Journal of molecular biology 1975;98(1):1-15.

114. DePamphilis M L; Berg P. Requirement of a Cytoplasmic Fraction for Synthesis of SV40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Isolated Nuclei*. The Journal of biological chemistry 1975;250(11):4348-54.

115. DePamphilis M L; Beard P; Berg P. Synthesis of Superhelical Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Cell Lysates*. The Journal of biological chemistry 1975;250(11):4340-7.

116. Berg P; Baltimore D; Brenner S; Roblin R O; Singer M F. Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA molecules. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1975;188(4192):991-4.

117. Berg P; Baltimore D; Brenner S; Roblin R O; Singer M F. Summary statement of the Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA molecules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1975;72(6):1981-4.

118. Carbon J; Shenk T E; Berg P. Biochemical procedure for production of small deletions in simian virus 40 DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1975;72(4):1392-6.

119. Shenk T E; Rhodes C; Rigby P W; Berg P. Biochemical method for mapping mutational alterations in DNA with S1 nuclease: the location of deletions and temperature-sensitive mutations in simian virus 40. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1975;72(3):989-93.

120. Griffith J; Dieckmann M; Berg P. Electron microscope localization of a protein bound near the origin of simian virus 40 DNA replication. Journal of virology 1975;15(1):167-72.

121. Mertz J E; Carbon J; Herzberg M; Davis R W; Berg P. Isolation and characterization of individual clones of simian virus 40 mutants containing deletions duplications and insertions in their DNA. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1975;39 Pt 1():69-84.

122. Shenk T E; Rhodes C; Rigby P W; Berg P. Mapping of mutational alterations in DNA with S1 nuclease: the location of deletions, insertions and temperature-sensitive mutations in SV40. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1975;39 Pt 1():61-7.

123. Mertz J E; Berg P. Viable deletion mutants of simian virus 40: selective isolation by means of a restriction endonuclease from Hemophilus parainfluenzae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1974;71(12):4879-83.

124. Mertz J E; Berg P. Defective simian virus 40 genomes: isolation and growth of individual clones. Virology 1974;62(1):112-24.

125. Berg Paul et. Potential biohazards of recombinant DNA molecules. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1974;185(4148):303.

126. Berg P; Baltimore D; Boyer H W; Cohen S N; Davis R W; Hogness D S; Nathans D; Roblin R; Watson J D; Weissman S; Zinder N D. Letter: Potential biohazards of recombinant DNA molecules. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1974;185(148):303.

127. Ostrem D L; Berg P. Glycyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli: purification, properties, and substrate binding. Biochemistry 1974;13(7):1338-48.

128. Morrow J F; Berg P Location of the T4 gene 32 protein binding site on simian virus 40 DNA. Journal of virology 1973;12(6):1631-2.

129. Beard P; Morrow J F; Berg P. Cleavage of circular, superhelical simian virus 40 DNA to a linear duplex by S1 nuclease. Journal of virology 1973;12(6):1303-13.

130. Morrow J F; Berg P; Kelly T J; Lewis A M. Mapping of simian virus 40 early functions on the viral chromosome. Journal of virology 1973;12(3):653-8.

131. Berg P. Suppression: a subversion of genetic decoding. Harvey lectures 1973;67():247-72.

132. Morrow J F; Berg P. Cleavage of Simian virus 40 DNA at a unique site by a bacterial restriction enzyme. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1972;69(11):3365-9.

133. Jackson D A; Symons R H; Berg P. Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1972;69(10):2904-9.

134. Arndt-Jovin D J; Berg P. Quantitative binding of 125 I-concanavalin A to normal and transformed cells. Journal of virology 1971;8(5):716-21.

135. Folk W R; Berg P. Duplication of the structural gene for glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase in Escherichia coli. Journal of molecular biology 1971;58(2):595-610.

136. Berg P. The viral genome in transformed cells. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing papers of a Biological character. Royal Society (Great Britain) 1971;177(46):65-76.

137. Iaccarino M; Berg P. Isoleucine auxotrophy as a consequence of a mutationally altered isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. Journal of bacteriology 1971;105(2):527-37.

138. Ostrem D L; Berg P. Glycyl-tRNA synthetase: an oligomeric protein containing dissimilar subunits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1970;67(4):1967-74.

139. Yarus M; Berg P. On the properties and utility of a membrane filter assay in the study of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. Analytical biochemistry 1970;35(2):450-65.

140. Folk W R; Berg P. Characterization of altered forms of glycyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase and the effects of such alterations on aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthesis in vivo. Journal of bacteriology 1970;102(1):204-12.

141. Folk W R; Berg P. Isolation and partial characterization of Escherichia coli mutants with altered glycyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases. Journal of bacteriology 1970;102(1):193-203.

142. Cuzin F; Vogt M; Dieckmann M; Berg P. Induction of virus multiplication in 3T3 cells transformed by a thermosensitive mutant of polyoma virus. II. Formation of oligometric polyoma DNA molecules. Journal of molecular biology 1970;47(3):317-33.

143. Arndt D J; Berg P. Isoleucyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase is a single polypeptide chain. The Journal of biological chemistry 1970;245(3):665-7.

144. Soll L; Berg P. Recessive lethal nonsense suppressor in Escherichia coli which inserts glutamine. Nature 1969;223(5213):1340-2.

145. Hill C W; Schiffer D; Berg P. Transduction of merodiploidy: induced duplication of recipient genes. Journal of bacteriology 1969;99(1):274-8.

146. Yarus M; Berg P. Recognition of tRNA by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. Effect of substrates on the dynamics of tRNA-enzyme interaction. Journal of molecular biology 1969;42(2):171-89.

147. Iaccarino M; Berg P. Requirement of sulfhydryl groups for the catalytic and tRNA recognition functions of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. Journal of molecular biology 1969;42(2):151-69.

148. Soll L; Berg P. Recessive lethals: a new class of nonsense suppressors in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1969;63(2):392-9.

149. Hill C W; Foulds J; Soll L; Berg P. Instability of a missense suppressor resulting from a duplication of genetic material. Journal of molecular biology 1969;39(3):563-81.

150. Reid P; Berg P. T4 bacteriophage mutants suppressible by a missense suppressor which inserts glycine in place of arginine for the codon AGA. Journal of virology 1968;2(9):905-14.

151. Jones O W; Dieckmann M; Berg P. Ribosome-induced dissociation of RNA from an RNA polymerase-DNA-RNA complex. Journal of molecular biology 1968;31(2):177-89.

152. Yarus M; Berg P. Recognition of tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. Journal of molecular biology 1967;28(3):479-90.

153. Calendar R; Berg P. D-Tyrosyl RNA: formation, hydrolysis and utilization for protein synthesis. Journal of molecular biology 1967;26(1):39-54.

154. Jones O W; Berg P. Studies on the binding of RNA polymerase to polynucleotides. Journal of molecular biology 1966;22(2):199-209.

155. Carbon J; Berg P; Yanofsky C. Studies of missense suppression of the tryptophan synthetase A-protein mutant A36. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1966;56(2):764-71.

156. Muench K H; Berg P. Resolution of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid by hydroxylapatite chromatography. Biochemistry 1966;5(3):982-7.

157. Muench K H; Berg P. Fractionation of transfer ribonucleic acid by gradient partition chromatography on Sephadex columns. Biochemistry 1966;5(3):970-81.

158. Baldwin A N; Berg P. Transfer ribonucleic acid-induced hydrolysis of valyladenylate bound to isoleucyl ribonucleic acid synthetase. The Journal of biological chemistry 1966;241(4):839-45.

159. Baldwin A N; Berg P. Purification and properties of isoleucyl ribonucleic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli. The Journal of biological chemistry 1966;241(4):831-8.

160. Carbon J; Berg P; Yanofsky C. Missense suppression due to a genetically altered tRNA. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1966;31():487-97.

161. Norris a t; berg p. Mechanism of aminoacyl rna synthesis: studies with isolated aminoacyl adenylate complexes of isoleucyl rna synthetase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1964;52():330-7.

162. Chamberlin m; berg p. Mechanism of rna polymerase action: characterization of the dna-dependent synthesis of polyadenylic acid. Journal of molecular biology 1964;8():708-26.

163. Chamberlin m; berg p. Mechanism of rna polymerase action: formation of dna-rna hybrids with single-stranded templates. Journal of molecular biology 1964;8():297-313.

164. Berg p; chamberlin m. On the transcription of dna sequences by rna polymerase. Bulletin de la Société de chimie biologique 1964;46():1427-40.

165. Chamberlin m; baldwin r l; berg p. An enzymically synthesized rna of alternating base sequence: physical and chemical characterization. Journal of molecular biology 1963;7():334-49.

166. WOOD W B; BERG P. The effect of enzymatically synthesized ribonucleic acid on amino acid incorporation by a soluble protein-ribosome system from Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1962;48():94-104.

167. Chamberlin m; berg p. Deoxyribo ucleic acid-directed synthesis of ribonucleic acid by an enzyme from Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1962;48():81-94.

168. Preiss j; dieckmann m; berg p. The enzymic synthesis of amino acyl derivatives of ribonucleic acid. IV. The formation of the 3’-hydroxyl terminal trinucleotide sequence of amino acid-acceptor ribonucleic acid. The Journal of biological chemistry 1961;236():1748-57.

169. Ofengand E J; Dieckmann M; Berg P. The enzymic synthesis of amino acyl derivatives of ribonucleic acid. III. Isolation of amino acid-acceptor ribonucleic acids from Escherichia coli. The Journal of biological chemistry 1961;236():1741-7.

170. Preiss J; Berg P; Ofengand E J; Bergmann F H; Dieckmann M. The Chemical Nature Of The Rna-Amino Acid Compound Formed By Amino Acid-Activating Enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1959;45(3):319-28.

171. Berg p. The chemical synthesis of amino acyladenylates. The Journal of biological chemistry 1958;233(3):608-11.

172. Berg P. Studies on the enzymatic utilization of amino acyladenylates; the formation of adenosine triphosphate. The Journal of biological chemistry 1958;233(3):601-7.

173. Berg p; offengand e j. An Enzymatic Mechanism for Linking Amino Acids to RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1958;44(2):78-86.

174. Nismann B; Bergmann F H; Berg P. Observations on amino acid-dependent exchanges of inorganic pyrophosphate and ATP. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1957;26(3):639-40.

175. Berg p. Acyl adenylates; the interaction of adenosine triphosphate and L-methionine. The Journal of biological chemistry 1956;222(2):1025-34.

176. Berg P. Acyl adenylates; the synthesis and properties of adenyl acetate. The Journal of biological chemistry 1956;222(2):1015-23.

177. Berg p. Acyl adenylates; an enzymatic mechanism of acetate activation. The Journal of biological chemistry 1956;222(2):991-1013.

178. Berg P; Joklik W K. Enzymatic phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates. The Journal of biological chemistry 1954;210(2):657-72.

179. Berg p; joklik w k. Transphosphorylation between nucleoside polyphosphates. Nature 1953;172(4387):1008-9.



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    Professor Emeritus
    Stanford University