1969 The Johns Hopkins Medical Society Research Award
1983 The Eli Lilly Award
1983 Member, the National Academy of Sciences
1983 Member, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1984 The New York Academy of Sciences Award in Biological and Medical Sciences
1989 The Richard Lounsbery Award, National Academy of Sciences
1996 The Unilever Science Award, with Dr. Linda Buck
1997 New York City Mayor’s Award for Excellence in Science and Technology
1998 Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Neuroscience Research
1999 The Alexander Hamilton Award, Columbia University
2001 NY Academy of Medicine Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Biomedical Sciences
2003 The Gairdner Foundation International Award for Achievement in Neuroscience
2003 The Perl/UNC Neuroscience Prize, with Dr. Linda Buck
2003 Member, the American Philosophical Society
2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sosulski, DL; Bloom, ML; Cutforth, T; Axel, R; Datta, SR Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical centres. Nature 472(7342):213-6.
Ruta, V; Datta, SR; Vasconcelos, ML; Freeland, J; Looger, LL; Axel, R A dimorphic pheromone circuit in Drosophila from sensory input to descending output. Nature 468(7324):686-90.
Luo, SX; Axel, R; Abbott, LF Generating sparse and selective third-order responses in the olfactory system of the fly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107(23):10713-8.
Stettler, DD; Axel, R Representations of odor in the piriform cortex. Neuron 63(6):854-64.
Fleischmann, A; Shykind, BM; Sosulski, DL; Franks, KM; Glinka, ME; Mei, DF; Sun, Y; Kirkland, J; Mendelsohn, M; Albers, MW; Axel, R Mice with a ”monoclonal nose”: perturbations in an olfactory map impair odor discrimination. Neuron 60(6):1068-81.
Datta, SR; Vasconcelos, ML; Ruta, V; Luo, S; Wong, A; Demir, E; Flores, J; Balonze, K; Dickson, BJ; Axel, R The Drosophila pheromone cVA activates a sexually dimorphic neural circuit. Nature 452(7186):473-7.
Barnea, G; Strapps, W; Herrada, G; Berman, Y; Ong, J; Kloss, B; Axel, R; Lee, KJ The genetic design of signaling cascades to record receptor activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(1):64-9.
Mancia, F; Brenner-Morton, S; Siegel, R; Assur, Z; Sun, Y; Schieren, I; Mendelsohn, M; Axel, R; Hendrickson, WA Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies sensitive to conformation in the 5HT2c serotonin receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(11):4303-8.
Lomvardas, S; Barnea, G; Pisapia, DJ; Mendelsohn, M; Kirkland, J; Axel, R Interchromosomal interactions and olfactory receptor choice. Cell 126(2):403-13.
Axel, R Scents and sensibility: a molecular logic of olfactory perception (Nobel lecture). Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 44(38):6110-27.
Suh, GS; Wong, AM; Hergarden, AC; Wang, JW; Simon, AF; Benzer, S; Axel, R; Anderson, DJ A single population of olfactory sensory neurons mediates an innate avoidance behaviour in Drosophila. Nature 431(7010):854-9.
Shah, NM; Pisapia, DJ; Maniatis, S; Mendelsohn, MM; Nemes, A; Axel, R Visualizing sexual dimorphism in the brain. Neuron 43(3):313-9.
Shykind, BM; Rohani, SC; O’Donnell, S; Nemes, A; Mendelsohn, M; Sun, Y; Axel, R; Barnea, G Gene switching and the stability of odorant receptor gene choice. Cell 117(6):801-15.
Barnea, G; O’Donnell, S; Mancia, F; Sun, X; Nemes, A; Mendelsohn, M; Axel, R Odorant receptors on axon termini in the brain. Science (New York, N.Y.) 304(5676):1468.
Yu, CR; Power, J; Barnea, G; O’Donnell, S; Brown, HE; Osborne, J; Axel, R; Gogos, JA Spontaneous neural activity is required for the establishment and maintenance of the olfactory sensory map. Neuron 42(4):553-66.
Eggan, K; Baldwin, K; Tackett, M; Osborne, J; Gogos, J; Chess, A; Axel, R; Jaenisch, R Mice cloned from olfactory sensory neurons. Nature 428(6978):44-9.
Cutforth, T; Moring, L; Mendelsohn, M; Nemes, A; Shah, NM; Kim, MM; Frisén, J; Axel, R Axonal ephrin-As and odorant receptors: coordinate determination of the olfactory sensory map. Cell 114(3):311-22.
Wang, JW; Wong, AM; Flores, J; Vosshall, LB; Axel, R Two-photon calcium imaging reveals an odor-evoked map of activity in the fly brain. Cell 112(2):271-82.
Tasic, B; Nabholz, CE; Baldwin, KK; Kim, Y; Rueckert, EH; Ribich, SA; Cramer, P; Wu, Q; Axel, R; Maniatis, T Promoter choice determines splice site selection in protocadherin alpha and gamma pre-mRNA splicing. Molecular cell 10(1):21-33.
Leypold, BG; Yu, CR; Leinders-Zufall, T; Kim, MM; Zufall, F; Axel, R Altered sexual and social behaviors in trp2 mutant mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(9):6376-81.
Wong, AM; Wang, JW; Axel, R Spatial representation of the glomerular map in the Drosophila protocerebrum. Cell 109(2):229-41.
Lane, RP; Cutforth, T; Axel, R; Hood, L; Trask, BJ Sequence analysis of mouse vomeronasal receptor gene clusters reveals common promoter motifs and a history of recent expansion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(1):291-6.
Lane, RP; Cutforth, T; Young, J; Athanasiou, M; Friedman, C; Rowen, L; Evans, G; Axel, R; Hood, L; Trask, BJ Genomic analysis of orthologous mouse and human olfactory receptor loci. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98(13):7390-5.
Scott, K; Brady, R; Cravchik, A; Morozov, P; Rzhetsky, A; Zuker, C; Axel, R A chemosensory gene family encoding candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in Drosophila. Cell 104(5):661-73.
Gogos, JA; Osborne, J; Nemes, A; Mendelsohn, M; Axel, R Genetic ablation and restoration of the olfactory topographic map. Cell 103(4):609-20.
Vosshall, LB; Wong, AM; Axel, R An olfactory sensory map in the fly brain. Cell 102(2):147-59.
Lin, DM; Wang, F; Lowe, G; Gold, GH; Axel, R; Ngai, J; Brunet, L Formation of precise connections in the olfactory bulb occurs in the absence of odorant-evoked neuronal activity. Neuron 26(1):69-80.
Bulger, M; van Doorninck, JH; Saitoh, N; Telling, A; Farrell, C; Bender, MA; Felsenfeld, G; Axel, R; Groudine, M; von Doorninck, JH Conservation of sequence and structure flanking the mouse and human beta-globin loci: the beta-globin genes are embedded within an array of odorant receptor genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96(9):5129-34.
Belluscio, L; Koentges, G; Axel, R; Dulac, C A map of pheromone receptor activation in the mammalian brain. Cell 97(2):209-20.
Vosshall, LB; Amrein, H; Morozov, PS; Rzhetsky, A; Axel, R A spatial map of olfactory receptor expression in the Drosophila antenna. Cell 96(5):725-36.
Bulfone, A; Wang, F; Hevner, R; Anderson, S; Cutforth, T; Chen, S; Meneses, J; Pedersen, R; Axel, R; Rubenstein, JL An olfactory sensory map develops in the absence of normal projection neurons or GABAergic interneurons. Neuron 21(6):1273-82.
Dulac, C; Axel, R Expression of candidate pheromone receptor genes in vomeronasal neurons. Chemical senses 23(4):467-75.
Wang, F; Nemes, A; Mendelsohn, M; Axel, R Odorant receptors govern the formation of a precise topographic map. Cell 93(1):47-60.
Belluscio, L; Gold, GH; Nemes, A; Axel, R Mice deficient in G(olf) are anosmic. Neuron 20(1):69-81.
Yang, JH; Sklar, P; Axel, R; Maniatis, T Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(9):4354-9.
Amrein, H; Axel, R Genes expressed in neurons of adult male Drosophila. Cell 88(4):459-69.
Mombaerts, P; Wang, F; Dulac, C; Chao, SK; Nemes, A; Mendelsohn, M; Edmondson, J; Axel, R Visualizing an olfactory sensory map. Cell 87(4):675-86.
Mombaerts, P; Wang, F; Dulac, C; Vassar, R; Chao, SK; Nemes, A; Mendelsohn, M; Edmondson, J; Axel, R The molecular biology of olfactory perception. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 61():135-45.
Dulac, C; Axel, R A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals. Cell 83(2):195-206.
Axel, R The molecular logic of smell. Scientific American 273(4):154-9.
Fülle, HJ; Vassar, R; Foster, DC; Yang, RB; Axel, R; Garbers, DL A receptor guanylyl cyclase expressed specifically in olfactory sensory neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92(8):3571-5.
Yang, JH; Sklar, P; Axel, R; Maniatis, T Editing of glutamate receptor subunit B pre-mRNA in vitro by site-specific deamination of adenosine. Nature 374(6517):77-81.
Vassar, R; Chao, SK; Sitcheran, R; Nuñez, JM; Vosshall, LB; Axel, R Topographic organization of sensory projections to the olfactory bulb. Cell 79(6):981-91.
Chess, A; Simon, I; Cedar, H; Axel, R Allelic inactivation regulates olfactory receptor gene expression. Cell 78(5):823-34.
Nye, JS; Kopan, R; Axel, R An activated Notch suppresses neurogenesis and myogenesis but not gliogenesis in mammalian cells. Development (Cambridge, England) 120(9):2421-30.
Chun, JY; Korner, J; Kreiner, T; Scheller, RH; Axel, R The function and differential sorting of a family of aplysia prohormone processing enzymes. Neuron 12(4):831-44.
Vassar, R; Ngai, J; Axel, R Spatial segregation of odorant receptor expression in the mammalian olfactory epithelium. Cell 74(2):309-18.
Ngai, J; Chess, A; Dowling, MM; Necles, N; Macagno, ER; Axel, R Coding of olfactory information: topography of odorant receptor expression in the catfish olfactory epithelium. Cell 72(5):667-80.
Ngai, J; Dowling, MM; Buck, L; Axel, R; Chess, A The family of genes encoding odorant receptors in the channel catfish. Cell 72(5):657-66.
Nakanishi, N; Axel, R; Shneider, NA Alternative splicing generates functionally distinct N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89(18):8552-6.
Robey, EA; Ramsdell, F; Gordon, JW; Mamalaki, C; Kioussis, D; Youn, HJ; Gottlieb, PD; Axel, R; Fowlkes, BJ A self-reactive T cell population that is not subject to negative selection. International immunology 4(9):969-74.
Robey, EA; Ramsdell, F; Kioussis, D; Sha, W; Loh, D; Axel, R; Fowlkes, BJ The level of CD8 expression can determine the outcome of thymic selection. Cell 69(7):1089-96.
Leahy, DJ; Axel, R; Hendrickson, WA Crystal structure of a soluble form of the human T cell coreceptor CD8 at 2.6 A resolution. Cell 68(6):1145-62.
Wigler, M; Sweet, R; Sim, GK; Wold, B; Pellicer, A; Lacy, E; Maniatis, T; Silverstein, S; Axel, R Transformation of mammalian cells with genes from prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
. Biotechnology (Reading, Mass.) 24():444-52.
Goulding, EH; Ngai, J; Kramer, RH; Colicos, S; Axel, R; Siegelbaum, SA; Chess, A Molecular cloning and single-channel properties of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel from catfish olfactory neurons. Neuron 8(1):45-58.
Chess, A; Buck, L; Dowling, MM; Axel, R; Ngai, J Molecular biology of smell: expression of the multigene family encoding putative odorant receptors. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 57():505-16.
Korner, J; Chun, J; O’Bryan, L; Axel, R Prohormone processing in Xenopus oocytes: characterization of cleavage signals and cleavage enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88(24):11393-7.
Korner, J; Chun, J; Harter, D; Axel, R Isolation and functional expression of a mammalian prohormone processing enzyme, murine prohormone convertase 1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88(15):6834-8.
Buck, L; Axel, R A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell 65(1):175-87.
Robey, E; Ramsdell, F; Elliott, J; Raulet, D; Kioussis, D; Axel, R; Fowlkes, BJ Expression of CD4 in transgenic mice alters the specificity of CD8 cells for allogeneic major histocompatibility complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88(2):608-12.
Robey, EA; Fowlkes, BJ; Gordon, JW; Kioussis, D; von Boehmer, H; Ramsdell, F; Axel, R Thymic selection in CD8 transgenic mice supports an instructive model for commitment to a CD4 or CD8 lineage. Cell 64(1):99-107.
Ryu, SE; Kwong, PD; Truneh, A; Porter, TG; Arthos, J; Rosenberg, M; Dai, XP; Xuong, NH; Axel, R; Sweet, RW Crystal structure of an HIV-binding recombinant fragment of human CD4. Nature 348(6300):419-26.
Nakanishi, N; Shneider, NA; Axel, R A family of glutamate receptor genes: evidence for the formation of heteromultimeric receptors with distinct channel properties. Neuron 5(5):569-81.
Kwong, PD; Ryu, SE; Hendrickson, WA; Axel, R; Sweet, RM; Folena-Wasserman, G; Hensley, P; Sweet, RW Molecular characteristics of recombinant human CD4 as deduced from polymorphic crystals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87(16):6423-7.
Robey, E; Axel, R CD4: collaborator in immune recognition and HIV infection. Cell 60(5):697-700.
Cannizzaro, LA; Madaule, P; Hecht, F; Axel, R; Croce, CM; Huebner, K Chromosome localization of human ARH genes, a ras-related gene family. Genomics 6(2):197-203.
Julius, D; Huang, KN; Livelli, TJ; Axel, R; Jessell, TM The 5HT2 receptor defines a family of structurally distinct but functionally conserved serotonin receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87(3):928-32.
Molineaux, SM; Jessell, TM; Axel, R; Julius, D 5-HT1c receptor is a prominent serotonin receptor subtype in the central nervous system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86(17):6793-7.
Julius, D; Livelli, TJ; Jessell, TM; Axel, R Ectopic expression of the serotonin 1c receptor and the triggering of malignant transformation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 244(4908):1057-62.
Hen, R; Axel, R; Obici, S Activation of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor promotes growth and differentiation in thyroid cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86(12):4785-8.
Littman, DR; Maddon, PJ; Axel, R Corrected CD4 sequence. Cell 55(4):541.
Maddon, PJ; McDougal, JS; Clapham, PR; Dalgleish, AG; Jamal, S; Weiss, RA; Axel, R HIV infection does not require endocytosis of its receptor, CD4. Cell 54(6):865-74.
Julius, D; MacDermott, AB; Axel, R; Jessell, TM Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA encoding the serotonin 1c receptor. Science (New York, N.Y.) 241(4865):558-64.
Deen, KC; McDougal, JS; Inacker, R; Folena-Wasserman, G; Arthos, J; Rosenberg, J; Maddon, PJ; Axel, R; Sweet, RW A soluble form of CD4 (T4) protein inhibits AIDS virus infection. Nature 331(6151):82-4.
Julius, D; MacDermott, AB; Jessel, TM; Huang, K; Molineaux, S; Schieren, I; Axel, R Functional expression of the 5-HT1c receptor in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 53 Pt 1():385-93.
Maddon, PJ; Molineaux, SM; Maddon, DE; Zimmerman, KA; Godfrey, M; Alt, FW; Chess, L; Axel, R Structure and expression of the human and mouse T4 genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84(24):9155-9.
Buck, LB; Bigelow, JM; Axel, R Alternative splicing in individual Aplysia neurons generates neuropeptide diversity. Cell 51(1):127-33.
Gay, D; Maddon, P; Sekaly, R; Talle, MA; Godfrey, M; Long, E; Goldstein, G; Chess, L; Axel, R; Kappler, J Functional interaction between human T-cell protein CD4 and the major histocompatibility complex HLA-DR antigen. Nature 328(6131):626-9.
Paek, I; Axel, R Glucocorticoids enhance stability of human growth hormone mRNA. Molecular and cellular biology 7(4):1496-507.
Madaule, P; Axel, R; Myers, AM Characterization of two members of the rho gene family from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84(3):779-83.
Anderson, DJ; Axel, R A bipotential neuroendocrine precursor whose choice of cell fate is determined by NGF and glucocorticoids. Cell 47(6):1079-90.
Maddon, PJ; Dalgleish, AG; McDougal, JS; Clapham, PR; Weiss, RA; Axel, R The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell 47(3):333-48.
Isobe, M; Huebner, K; Maddon, PJ; Littman, DR; Axel, R; Croce, CM The gene encoding the T-cell surface protein T4 is located on human chromosome 12. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83(12):4399-402.
Benezra, R; Cantor, CR; Axel, R Nucleosomes are phased along the mouse beta-major globin gene in erythroid and nonerythroid cells. Cell 44(5):697-704.
Argaraña, CE; Kuntz, ID; Birken, S; Axel, R; Cantor, CR Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the streptavidin gene. Nucleic acids research 14(4):1871-82.
McDougal, JS; Maddon, PJ; Dalgleish, AG; Clapham, PR; Littman, DR; Godfrey, M; Maddon, DE; Chess, L; Weiss, RA; Axel, R The T4 glycoprotein is a cell-surface receptor for the AIDS virus. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 51 Pt 2():703-11.
Anderson, DJ; Axel, R Molecular probes for the development and plasticity of neural crest derivatives. Cell 42(2):649-62.
Maddon, PJ; Littman, DR; Godfrey, M; Maddon, DE; Chess, L; Axel, R The isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the T cell surface protein T4: a new member of the immunoglobulin gene family. Cell 42(1):93-104.
Madaule, P; Axel, R A novel ras-related gene family. Cell 41(1):31-40.
Pernis, B; Axel, R A one and a half receptor model for MHC-restricted antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. Cell 41(1):13-6.
Lemke, G; Axel, R Isolation and sequence of a cDNA encoding the major structural protein of peripheral myelin. Cell 40(3):501-8.
Littman, DR; Thomas, Y; Maddon, PJ; Chess, L; Axel, R The isolation and sequence of the gene encoding T8: a molecule defining functional classes of T lymphocytes. Cell 40(2):237-46.
Anderson, DJ; Stein, R; Axel, R Gene expression in differentiating and transdifferentiating neural crest cells. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 50():855-63.
Charnay, P; Treisman, R; Mellon, P; Chao, M; Axel, R; Maniatis, T Human alpha- and beta-globin gene transcription in mouse erythroleukaemia cells. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 307(1132):261-70.
Charnay, P; Treisman, R; Mellon, P; Chao, M; Axel, R; Maniatis, T Differences in human alpha- and beta-globin gene expression in mouse erythroleukemia cells: the role of intragenic sequences. Cell 38(1):251-63.
Scheller, RH; Axel, R How genes control an innate behavior. Scientific American 250(3):54-62.
McAllister, LB; Scheller, RH; Kandel, ER; Axel, R In situ hybridization to study the origin and fate of identified neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.) 222(4625):800-8.
Roberts, JM; Buck, LB; Axel, R A structure for amplified DNA. Cell 33(1):53-63.
Chao, MV; Mellon, P; Charnay, P; Maniatis, T; Axel, R The regulated expression of beta-globin genes introduced into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Cell 32(2):483-93.
Scheller, RH; Jackson, JF; McAllister, LB; Rothman, BS; Mayeri, E; Axel, R A single gene encodes multiple neuropeptides mediating a stereotyped behavior. Cell 32(1):7-22.
Mellon, P; Charnay, P; Chao, M; Axel, R; Maniatis, T Regulated expression of cloned globin genes introduced into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Progress in clinical and biological research 134():3-12.
Buck, L; Stein, R; Palazzolo, M; Anderson, DJ; Axel, R Gene expression and the diversity of identified neurons. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 48 Pt 2():485-92.
Chao, MV; Mellon, P; Charnay, P; Maniatis, T; Axel, R Introduction and expression of beta-globin genes in murine erythroleukemic cells. Gene amplification and analysis 3():215-31.
Sweet, RW; Chao, MV; Axel, R The structure of the thymidine kinase gene promoter: nuclease hypersensitivity correlates with expression. Cell 31(2 Pt 1):347-53.
Robins, DM; Paek, I; Seeburg, PH; Axel, R Regulated expression of human growth hormone genes in mouse cells. Cell 29(2):623-31.
Roberts, JM; Axel, R Gene amplification and gene correction in somatic cells. Cell 29(1):109-19.
Scheller, RH; Jackson, JF; McAllister, LB; Schwartz, JH; Kandel, ER; Axel, R A family of genes that codes for ELH, a neuropeptide eliciting a stereotyped pattern of behavior in Aplysia. Cell 28(4):707-19.
McKnight, SL; Chao, M; Sweet, RW; Silverstein, S; Axel, R Transcriptional control of transformed genes. Oncodevelopmental biology and medicine : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 4(1-2):81-95.
McKnight, SL; Chao, M; Sweet, RW; Silverstein, S; Axel, R The structure and function of a eukaryotic promoter. Princess Takamatsu symposia 12():73-85.
Corces, V; Pellicer, A; Axel, R; Meselson, M Integration, transcription, and control of a Drosophila heat shock gene in mouse cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 78(11):7038-42.
McKnight, SL; Gavis, ER; Kingsbury, R; Axel, R Analysis of transcriptional regulatory signals of the HSV thymidine kinase gene: identification of an upstream control region. Cell 25(2):385-98.
Robins, DM; Ripley, S; Henderson, AS; Axel, R Transforming DNA integrates into the host chromosome. Cell 23(1):29-39.
Robins, DM; Axel, R; Henderson, AS Chromosome structure and DNA sequence alterations associated with mutation of transformed genes. Journal of molecular and applied genetics 1(3):191-203.
Lowy, I; Pellicer, A; Jackson, JF; Sim, GK; Silverstein, S; Axel, R Isolation of transforming DNA: cloning the hamster aprt gene. Cell 22(3):817-23.
Pellicer, A; Robins, D; Wold, B; Sweet, R; Jackson, J; Lowy, I; Roberts, JM; Sim, GK; Silverstein, S; Axel, R Altering genotype and phenotype by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Science (New York, N.Y.) 209(4463):1414-22.
Wigler, M; Perucho, M; Kurtz, D; Dana, S; Pellicer, A; Axel, R; Silverstein, S Transformation of mammalian cells with an amplifiable dominant-acting gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 77(6):3567-70.
Pellicer, A; Wagner, EF; el-Kareh, A; Dewey, MJ; Reuser, AJ; Silverstein, S; Axel, R; Mintz, B Introduction of a viral thymidine kinase gene and the human beta-globin gene into developmentally multipotential mouse teratocarcinoma cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 77(4):2098-102.
Wold, B; Wigler, M; Lacy, E; Maniatis, T; Silverstein, S; Axel, R Introduction and expression of a rabbit beta-globin gene in mouse fibroblasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76(11):5684-8.
Dieterich, AE; Axel, R; Cantor, CR Salt-induced structural changes of nucleosome core particles. Journal of molecular biology 129(4):587-602.
Levitt, A; Axel, R; Cedar, H Nick translation of active genes in intact nuclei. Developmental biology 69(2):496-505.
Wigler, M; Sweet, R; Sim, GK; Wold, B; Pellicer, A; Lacy, E; Maniatis, T; Silverstein, S; Axel, R Transformation of mammalian cells with genes from procaryotes and eucaryotes. Cell 16(4):777-85.
Wigler, M; Pellicer, A; Silverstein, S; Axel, R; Urlaub, G; Chasin, L DNA-mediated transfer of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus into mammalian cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76(3):1373-6.
Wigler, M; Pellicer, A; Silverstein, S; Axel, R Biochemical transfer of single-copy eucaryotic genes using total cellular DNA as donor. Cell 14(3):725-31.
Pellicer, A; Wigler, M; Axel, R; Silverstein, S The transfer and stable integration of the HSV thymidine kinase gene into mouse cells. Cell 14(1):133-41.
Weinstock, R; Sweet, R; Weiss, M; Cedar, H; Axel, R Intragenic DNA spacers interrupt the ovalbumin gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 75(3):1299-303.
Garel, A; Axel, R The structure of the transcriptionally active ovalbumin genes in chromatin. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 42 Pt 2():701-8.
Silverstein, S; Wigler, M; Pellicer, A; Axel, R Identification of sequences coding for thymidine kinase in herpes simplex virus and transformed cell DNA. IARC scientific publications (24 Pt 1):501-8. 1977: Garel, A; Zolan, M; Axel, R Genes transcribed at diverse rates have a similar conformation in chromatin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1977;74(11):4867-71. 1977: Wigler, M; Silverstein, S; Lee, LS; Pellicer, A; Cheng, Y; Axel, R Transfer of purified herpes virus thymidine kinase gene to cultured mouse cells. Cell 1977;11(1):223-32. 1977: Axel, R; Garel, A Structure of the ovalbumin gene in chromatin. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1977;286():135-46.
Garel, A; Axel, R Selective digestion of transcriptionally active ovalbumin genes from oviduct nuclei. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 73(11):3966-70.
Lipchitz, L; Axel, R Restriction endonuclease cleavage of satellite DNA in intact bovine nuclei. Cell 9(2):355-64.
Wigler, MH; Axel, R Nucleosomes in metaphase chromosomes. Nucleic acids research 3(6):1463-71.
Axel, R; Feigelson, P; Schutz, G Analysis of the complexity and diversity of mRNA from chicken liver and oviduct. Cell 7(2):247-54.
Lacy, E; Axel, R Analysis of DNA of isolated chromatin subunits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72(10):3978-82.
Axel, R; Cedar, H; Felsenfield, G The structure of the globin genes in chromatin. Biochemistry 14(11):2489-95.
Spiegelman, S; Axel, R; Baxt, W; Kufe, D; Schlom, J The molecular genetics of human cancer and its etiologic implications. Genetics 79 Suppl():317-38.
Axel, R; Melchior, W; Sollner-Webb, B; Felsenfeld, G Specific sites of interaction between histones and DNA in chromatin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 71(10):4101-5.
Spiegelman, S; Axel, R; Baxt, W; Kufe, D; Schlom, J Human cancer and animal viral oncology. Cancer 34(4 Suppl):suppl:1406-20.
Axel, R; Cedar, H; Felsenfeld, G Chromatin template activity and chromatin structure. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 38():773-83.
Axel, R; Cedar, H; Felsenfeld, G Synthesis of globin ribonucleic acid from duck-reticulocyte chromatin in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 70(7):2029-32.
Harter, DH; Axel, R; Burny, A; Gulati, S; Schlom, J; Spiegelman, S The relationship of visna, maedi and RNA tumor viruses as studied by molecular hybridization. Virology 52(1):287-91.
Spiegelman, S; Axel, R; Baxt, W; Gulati, SC; Hehlmann, R; Kufe, D; Schlom, J The relevance of RNA tumor viruses to human cancer. Johns Hopkins medical journal. Supplement 2():282-312.
Weinstein, IB; Gebert, R; Stadler, UC; Orenstein, JM; Axel, R Type C virus from cell cultures of chemically induced rat hepatomas. Science (New York, N.Y.) 178(65):1098-100.
Axel, R; Gulati, SC; Spiegelman, S Particles containing RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and virus-related RNA in human breast cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 69(11):3133-7.
Gulati, SC; Axel, R; Spiegelman, S Detection of RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high molecular weight RNA in malignant tissue. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 69(8):2020-4.
Spiegelman, S; Axel, R; Schlom, J Virus-related RNA in human and mouse mammary tumors. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 48(4):1205-11.
Axel, R; Schlom, J; Spiegelman, S Evidence for translation of viral-specific RNA in cells of a mouse mammary carcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 69(3):535-8.
Axel, R; Schlom, J; Spiegelman, S Presence in human breast cancer of RNA homologous to mouse mammary tumour virus RNA. Nature 235(5332):32-6.
Axel, R; Weinstein, B; Farber, E Patterns of transfer RNA in normal rat liver and during hepatic carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 58(3):1255-60.
Friedman, SM; Axel, R; Weinstein, IB Stability of ribosomes and ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Journal of bacteriology 93(5):1521-6.
Photos of Richard Axel
