Alan J. Heeger

Alan Heeger is an American Physicist and Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry 2000. He won the prize with Alan MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa for his work on conductive polymers. His area of research was semiconducting and metallic polymers. In 1977 Heeger discovered that certain plastics i.e. polymers can conduct electricity if are doped.

Heeger received the APS Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize 1983, John Scott Medal 1989 and Balzan Prize for Science of Non-Biological Materials 1995.

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Alan J. Heeger
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1963-1967  Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow

1968-1969 John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Fellow

1968  American Physical Society Fellow

1983  Oliver E. Buckley Prize for Condensed Matter Physics

1989  John Scott Award

1995  Balzan Prize, ”Science of New Materials,” Bern, Switzerland

2000  Nobel Prize in Chemistry

2000  Institute of Physics Fellow, UK

2001  President’s Medal for Distinguished Achievement, University of Pennsylvania

2001  Chancellor’s Medal, University of California, Santa Barbara

1.    Gong Xiong; Tong Minghong; Brunetti Fulvio G; Seo Junghwa; Sun Yanming; Moses Daniel; Wudl Fred; Heeger Alan J Bulk heterojunction solar cells with large open-circuit voltage: electron transfer with small donor-acceptor energy offset (adv. Mater. 20/2011). Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 2011;23(20):2271.
2.    Namdas Ebinazar B; Hsu Ben B Y; Yuen Jonathan D; Samuel Ifor D W; Heeger Alan J Optoelectronic gate dielectrics for high brightness and high-efficiency light-emitting transistors. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 2011;23(20):2353-6.
3.    Gong Xiong; Tong Minghong; Brunetti Fulvio G; Seo Junghwa; Sun Yanming; Moses Daniel; Wudl Fred; Heeger Alan J Bulk heterojunction solar cells with large open-circuit voltage: electron transfer with small donor-acceptor energy offset. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 2011;23(20):2272-7.
4.    Varotto Alessandro; Treat Neil D; Jo Jang; Shuttle Christopher G; Batara Nicolas A; Brunetti Fulvio G; Seo Jung Hwa; Chabinyc Michael L; Hawker Craig J; Heeger Alan J; Wudl Fred 1,4-fullerene derivatives: tuning the properties of the electron transporting layer in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 2011;50(22):5166-9.
5.    Sun Yanming; Takacs Christopher J; Cowan Sarah R; Seo Jung Hwa; Gong Xiong; Roy Anshuman; Heeger Alan J Efficient, Air-Stable Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Using MoO(x) as the Anode Interfacial Layer. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 2011;23(19):2226-30.
6.    Sun Yanming; Seo Jung Hwa; Takacs Christopher J; Seifter Jason; Heeger Alan J Inverted polymer solar cells integrated with a low-temperature-annealed sol-gel-derived ZnO Film as an electron transport layer. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 2011;23(14):1679-83.
7.    Moon Ji Sun; Takacs Christopher J; Sun Yanming; Heeger Alan J Spontaneous formation of bulk heterojunction nanostructures: multiple routes to equivalent morphologies. Nano letters 2011;11(3):1036-9.
8.    Wang Mingfeng; Heeger Alan J; Wudl Fred Self-assembly of a fullerene poly(3-hexylthiophene) dyad. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 2011;7(3):298-301.
9.    Xiao Yi; Dane Karen Y; Uzawa Takanori; Csordas Andrew; Qian Jiangrong; Soh H Tom; Daugherty Patrick S; Lagally Eric T; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W Detection of telomerase activity in high concentration of cell lysates using primer-modified gold nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010;132(43):15299-307.
10.    Hsu Ben B Y; Namdas Ebinazar B; Yuen Jonathan D; Cho Shinuk; Samuel Ifor D W; Heeger Alan J Split-gate organic field effect transistors: control over charge injection and transport. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 2010;22(41):4649-53.
11.    Xia Fan; White Ryan J; Zuo Xiaolei; Patterson Adriana; Xiao Yi; Kang Di; Gong Xiong; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J An electrochemical supersandwich assay for sensitive and selective DNA detection in complex matrices. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010;132(41):14346-8.
12.    Moon Ji Sun; Takacs Christopher J; Cho Shinuk; Coffin Robert C; Kim Heejoo; Bazan Guillermo C; Heeger Alan J Effect of processing additive on the nanomorphology of a bulk heterojunction material. Nano letters 2010;10(10):4005-8.
13.    Heeger Alan J Semiconducting polymers: the Third Generation. Chemical Society reviews 2010;39(7):2354-71.
14.    Xia Fan; Zuo Xiaolei; Yang Renqiang; Xiao Yi; Kang Di; Vallée-Bélisle Alexis; Gong Xiong; Yuen Jonathan D; Hsu Ben B Y; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W Colorimetric detection of DNA, small molecules, proteins, and ions using unmodified gold nanoparticles and conjugated polyelectrolytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010;107(24):10837-41.
15.    Cho Shinuk; Seo Jung Hwa; Park Sung Heum; Beaupré Serge; Leclerc Mario; Heeger Alan J A thermally stable semiconducting polymer. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 2010;22(11):1253-7.
16.    Xia Fan; Zuo Xiaolei; Yang Renqiang; Xiao Yi; Kang Di; Vallée-Bélisle Alexis; Gong Xiong; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W On the binding of cationic, water-soluble conjugated polymers to DNA: electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010;132(4):1252-4.
17.    Brunetti F G; Gong X; Tong M; Heeger A J; Wudl Fred Strain and hückel aromaticity: driving forces for a promising new generation of electron acceptors in organic electronics. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 2010;49(3):532-6.
18.    Seo Jung Hwa; Gutacker Andrea; Walker Bright; Cho Shinuk; Garcia Andres; Yang Renqiang; Nguyen Thuc-Quyen; Heeger Alan J; Bazan Guillermo C Improved injection in n-type organic transistors with conjugated polyelectrolytes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2009;131(51):18220-1.
19.    Peet Jeffrey; Heeger Alan J; Bazan Guillermo C ”Plastic” solar cells: self-assembly of bulk heterojunction nanomaterials by spontaneous phase separation. Accounts of chemical research 2009;42(11):1700-8.
20.    Gong Xiong; Tong Minghong; Xia Yangjun; Cai Wanzhu; Moon Ji Sun; Cao Yong; Yu Gang; Shieh Chan-Long; Nilsson Boo; Heeger Alan J High-detectivity polymer photodetectors with spectral response from 300 nm to 1450 nm. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2009;325(5948):1665-7.
21.    Yuen Jonathan D; Menon Reghu; Coates Nelson E; Namdas Ebinazar B; Cho Shinuk; Hannahs Scott T; Moses Daniel; Heeger Alan J Nonlinear transport in semiconducting polymers at high carrier densities. Nature materials 2009;8(7):572-5.
22.    Swensen James S; Xiao Yi; Ferguson Brian S; Lubin Arica A; Lai Rebecca Y; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W; Soh H Tom Continuous, real-time monitoring of cocaine in undiluted blood serum via a microfluidic, electrochemical aptamer-based sensor. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2009;131(12):4262-6.
23.    Lou Xinhui; Qian Jiangrong; Xiao Yi; Viel Lisan; Gerdon Aren E; Lagally Eric T; Atzberger Paul; Tarasow Theodore M; Heeger Alan J; Soh H Tom Micromagnetic selection of aptamers in microfluidic channels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009;106(9):2989-94.
24.    Cash Kevin J; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W; Xiao Yi Optimization of a reusable, DNA pseudoknot-based electrochemical sensor for sequence-specific DNA detection in blood serum. Analytical chemistry 2009;81(2):656-61.
25.    Moon Ji Sun; Lee Jae Kwan; Cho Shinuk; Byun Jiyun; Heeger Alan J ”Columnlike” structure of the cross-sectional morphology of bulk heterojunction materials. Nano letters 2009;9(1):230-4.
26.    Yang Changduk; Cho Shinuk; Heeger Alan J; Wudl Fred Heteroanalogues of PCBM: N-bridged imino-PCBMs for organic field-effect transistors. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 2009;48(9):1592-5.
27.    Yang Changduk; Cho Shinuk; Chiechi Ryan C; Walker Wesley; Coates Nelson E; Moses Daniel; Heeger Alan J; Wudl Fred Visible-near infrared absorbing dithienylcyclopentadienone-thiophene copolymers for organic thin-film transistors. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008;130(49):16524-6.
28.    Hoven Corey V; Yang Renqiang; Garcia Andres; Crockett Victoria; Heeger Alan J; Bazan Guillermo C; Nguyen Thuc-Quyen Electron injection into organic semiconductor devices from high work function cathodes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008;105(35):12730-5.
29.    Yang Changduk; Kim Jin Young; Cho Shinuk; Lee Jae Kwan; Heeger Alan J; Wudl Fred Functionalized methanofullerenes used as n-type materials in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells and in field-effect transistors. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008;130(20):6444-50.
30.    Lee Jae Kwan; Ma Wan Li; Brabec Christoph J; Yuen Jonathan; Moon Ji Sun; Kim Jin Young; Lee Kwanghee; Bazan Guillermo C; Heeger Alan J Processing additives for improved efficiency from bulk heterojunction solar cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008;130(11):3619-23.
31.    Pei Qibing; Heeger Alan J Operating mechanism of light-emitting electrochemical cells. Nature materials 2008;7(3):167; author reply 168.
32.    Yuen Jonathan D; Dhoot Anoop S; Namdas Ebinazar B; Coates Nelson E; Heeney Martin; McCulloch Iain; Moses Daniel; Heeger Alan J Electrochemical doping in electrolyte-gated polymer transistors. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007;129(46):14367-71.
33.    Xiao Yi; Qu Xiaogang; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Label-free electrochemical detection of DNA in blood serum via target-induced resolution of an electrode-bound DNA pseudoknot. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007;129(39):11896-7.
34.    Hoven Corey; Yang Renqiang; Garcia Andres; Heeger Alan J; Nguyen Thuc-Quyen; Bazan Guillermo C Ion motion in conjugated polyelectrolyte electron transporting layers. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007;129(36):10976-7.
35.    Kim Jin Young; Lee Kwanghee; Coates Nelson E; Moses Daniel; Nguyen Thuc-Quyen; Dante Mark; Heeger Alan J Efficient tandem polymer solar cells fabricated by all-solution processing. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2007;317(5835):222-5.
36.    Peet J; Kim J Y; Coates N E; Ma W L; Moses D; Heeger A J; Bazan G C Efficiency enhancement in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by processing with alkane dithiols. Nature materials 2007;6(7):497-500.
37.    Ricci Francesco; Lai Rebecca Y; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W; Sumner James J Effect of molecular crowding on the response of an electrochemical DNA sensor. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 2007;23(12):6827-34.
38.    Lai Rebecca Y; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Aptamer-based electrochemical detection of picomolar platelet-derived growth factor directly in blood serum. Analytical chemistry 2007;79(1):229-33.
39.    Lai Rebecca Y; Seferos Dwight S; Heeger Alan J; Bazan Guillermo C; Plaxco Kevin W Comparison of the signaling and stability of electrochemical DNA sensors fabricated from 6- or 11-carbon self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 2006;22(25):10796-800.
40.    Xiao Yi; Lubin Arica A; Baker Brian R; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Single-step electronic detection of femtomolar DNA by target-induced strand displacement in an electrode-bound duplex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006;103(45):16677-80.
41.    Lim Bogyu; Hwang Jin-Taek; Kim Jin Young; Ghim Jieun; Vak Doojin; Noh Yong-Young; Lee Soo-Hyoung; Lee Kwanghee; Heeger Alan J; Kim Dong-Yu Synthesis of a new cross-linkable perfluorocyclobutane-based hole-transport material. Organic letters 2006;8(21):4703-6.
42.    Yang Cuiying; Hu Jerry G; Heeger Alan J Molecular structure and dynamics at the interfaces within bulk heterojunction materials for solar cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006;128(36):12007-13.
43.    Lubin Arica A; Lai Rebecca Y; Baker Brian R; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W Sequence-specific, electronic detection of oligonucleotides in blood, soil, and foodstuffs with the reagentless, reusable E-DNA sensor. Analytical chemistry 2006;78(16):5671-7.
44.    Dhoot Anoop S; Yuen Jonathan D; Heeney Martin; McCulloch Iain; Moses Daniel; Heeger Alan J Beyond the metal-insulator transition in polymer electrolyte gated polymer field-effect transistors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006;103(32):11834-7.
45.    Dhoot A S; Wang G M; Moses D; Heeger A J Voltage-induced metal-insulator transition in polythiophene field-effect transistors. Physical review letters 2006;96(24):246403.
46.    Lee Kwanghee; Cho Shinuk; Park Sung Heum; Heeger A J; Lee Chan-Woo; Lee Suck-Hyun Metallic transport in polyaniline. Nature 2006;441(7089):65-8.
47.    Gong Xiong; Benmansour Hadjar; Bazan Guillermo C; Heeger Alan J Red electrophosphorescence from a soluble binaphthol derivative as host and iridium complex as guest. The journal of physical chemistry. B 2006;110(14):7344-8.
48.    Baker Brian R; Lai Rebecca Y; Wood McCall S; Doctor Elaine H; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W An electronic, aptamer-based small-molecule sensor for the rapid, label-free detection of cocaine in adulterated samples and biological fluids. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006;128(10):3138-9.
49.    Lai Rebecca Y; Lagally Eric T; Lee Sang-Ho; Soh H T; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Rapid, sequence-specific detection of unpurified PCR amplicons via a reusable, electrochemical sensor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006;103(11):4017-21.
50.    Lai Rebecca Y; Lee Sang-ho; Soh H T; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Differential labeling of closely spaced biosensor electrodes via electrochemical lithography. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 2006;22(4):1932-6.
51.    Li Z Q; Wang G M; Sai N; Moses D; Martin M C; Di Ventra M; Heeger A J; Basov D N Infrared imaging of the nanometer-thick accumulation layer in organic field-effect transistors. Nano letters 2006;6(2):224-8.
52.    Xiao Yi; Piorek Brian D; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J A reagentless signal-on architecture for electronic, aptamer-based sensors via target-induced strand displacement. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005;127(51):17990-1.
53.    Xiao Yi; Lubin Arica A; Heeger Alan J; Plaxco Kevin W Label-free electronic detection of thrombin in blood serum by using an aptamer-based sensor. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 2005;44(34):5456-9.
54.    Fan Chunhai; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Biosensors based on binding-modulated donor-acceptor distances. Trends in biotechnology 2005;23(4):186-92.
55.    Xu Qing-Hua; Wang Shu; Korystov Dmitry; Mikhailovsky Alexander; Bazan Guillermo C; Moses Daniel; Heeger Alan J The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) gate: a time-resolved study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005;102(3):530-5.
56.    Xu Qing-Hua; Gaylord Brent S; Wang Shu; Bazan Guillermo C; Moses Daniel; Heeger Alan J Time-resolved energy transfer in DNA sequence detection using water-soluble conjugated polymers: the role of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004;101(32):11634-9.
57.    Fan Chunhai; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Electrochemical interrogation of conformational changes as a reagentless method for the sequence-specific detection of DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003;100(16):9134-7.
58.    Fan Chunhai; Wang Shu; Hong Janice W; Bazan Guillermo C; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J Beyond superquenching: hyper-efficient energy transfer from conjugated polymers to gold nanoparticles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003;100(11):6297-301.
59.    Mezzenga Raffaele; Ruokolainen Janne; Fredrickson Glenn H; Kramer Edward J; Moses Daniel; Heeger Alan J; Ikkala Olli Templating organic semiconductors via self-assembly of polymer colloids. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2003;299(5614):1872-4.
60.    Gaylord Brent S; Heeger Alan J; Bazan Guillermo C DNA hybridization detection with water-soluble conjugated polymers and chromophore-labeled single-stranded DNA. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2003;125(4):896-900.
61.    Gaylord Brent S; Heeger Alan J; Bazan Guillermo C DNA detection using water-soluble conjugated polymers and peptide nucleic acid probes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002;99(17):10954-7.
62.    Fan Chunhai; Plaxco Kevin W; Heeger Alan J High-efficiency fluorescence quenching of conjugated polymers by proteins. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2002;124(20):5642-3.
63.    Ostrowski Jacek C; Robinson Matthew R; Heeger Alan J; Bazan Guillermo C Amorphous iridium complexes for electrophosphorescent light emitting devices. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2002;(7):784-5.
64.    Wang Deli; Gong Xiong; Heeger Peter S; Rininsland Frauke; Bazan Guillermo C; Heeger Alan J Biosensors from conjugated polyelectrolyte complexes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002;99(1):49-53.
65.    Moses D; Wang J; Heeger A J; Kirova N; Brazovski S Singlet exciton binding energy in poly(phenylene vinylene). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001;98(24):13496-500.
66.    Gaylord B S; Wang S; Heeger A J; Bazan G C Water-soluble conjugated oligomers: effect of chain length and aggregation on photoluminescence-quenching efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2001;123(26):6417-8.
67.    Arrow K J; Axelrod J; Benacerraf B; Berg P; Bishop J M; Bloembergen N; Brown H C; Cibelli J; Cohen S; Cooper L N; Corey E J; Cronin J W; Curl R; Dulbecco R; Fischer E H; Fitch V L; Fogel R; Friedman J I; Furchgott R F; Gell-Mann M; Gilbert W; Gilman A; Glaser D; Glashow S L; Green R M; Greengard P; Guillemin R; Hayflick L; Hauptman H A; Heckman J J; Heeger A; Herschbach D; Hubel D H; Hulse R; Kandel E; Karle J; Klein L R; Kohn W; Kornberg A; Krebs E G; Lanza R P; Laughlin R; Lederman L; Lee D M; Lewis E; Lipscomb W; Marcus R A; McFadden D; Merrifield R B; Merton R; Modigliani F; Molina M J; Murad F; Nirenberg M W; North D C; Olah G A; Osheroff D; Palade G E; Perl M; Ramsey N F; Richter B; Roberts R J; Samuelson P A; Schwartz M; Sharp P A; Smalley R E; Smith H O; Solow R M; Stormer H; Taube H; Taylor R; Thomas E D; Tobin J; Tonegawa S; Townes C; Watson J D; Weinberg S; Weller T H; West M D; Wieschaus E F; Wiesel T N; Wilson R W Nobel laureates’ letter to President Bush. Washington post (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 2001;():A02.
68.    Heeger P S; Heeger A J Making sense of polymer-based biosensors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999;96(22):12219-21.
69.    Englander S W; Kallenbach N R; Heeger A J; Krumhansl J A; Litwin S Nature of the open state in long polynucleotide double helices: possibility of soliton excitations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1980;77(12):7222-6.



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